User:3210/Kailar

Kailar(ottman alfabet قایلر ) is a city in western Rumelia. It lies in the prefecture of Kozana, which is part of Western Macedonia.It is the seat of the province of Manastır.The city was named Kayilar while under Ottoman rule.
 * 1) see also Ptolemaida

Etimology

 * قایلر  : in Ottoman alfabet
 * Kailar :writing in latin alfabet in English
 * kayılar or kaylar or kayalar: in modern latin turkish alfabet
 * Ptolemaida: in (Greek in Latin alfabet


 * Πτολεμαΐδα; in modern greek lafabet
 * Πτολεμαΐς; in Ancient/Katharevousa:
 * Кајлари or Кајљар;in South Slavic languages:
 * Ottoman languages: İt is written قایلر   and it is readed Kayılar'' or Kayalar or Kaylar)
 * English Kailar in Latin alpfabet
 * Arabic Ottoman transcript:قایلر  

Geografi
The city is in the valley and the mountains of Askio to the southwest and Vermio to the northeast. It is located N of Kozani, E of Kastoria, S of Florina and SW of Edessa. Since the 1960s or the 1970s, GR-3/E65? bypassed it to the east.

History
According to archaeologists, the Ptolemaida region has been occupied since 6000 BCE.

Ancient times
Archaeologists, in November of 2005, discovered the remains of two farming villages dating back to the Neolithic period. A press report notes that such farming villages were trading centres and had a "developed knowledge of metalworking".

The city is named after a soldier of Alexander the Great named Ptolemaeus the Lagos, who was a student of Aristotle as well. Many places and cities in western Macedonia were named after soldiers of Alexander the Great. Ptolemaida is also the capital of Eordea province (Eordea means loved, and was taken from the name of the ancient goddess Eorda, or Mother Earth).

Ottoman times
During Ottoman rule, Ptolemaida was called Kailari. The area of Ptolemaida became famous for the historic battles in the areas of Komanos and Perdikkas, during the Balkan Wars of 1912-13. Ptolemaida was taken by Greek forces on October 15 1915.

The 1911 Edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica about Yuruks, Kailars and Konariotes
see link

The first Turkish immigration from Asia Minor took place under the Byzantine emperors before the conquest of the country. The first purely Turkish town, Yenije-Vardar, was founded on the ruins of Vardar in 1362. After the capture of Salonica (1430), a strong Turkish population was settled in the city, and similar colonies were founded in Monastir, Ochrida, Serres, Drama and other important places. In many of these towns half or more of the population is still Turkish. A series of military colonies were subsequently established at various points of strategic importance along the principal lines of communication. Before 1360 large numbers of nomad shepherds, or Yuruks, from the district of Konia, in Asia Minor, had settled in the country; their descendants are still known as Konariotes. Further immigration from this region took place from time to time up to the middle of the 18th century. After the establishment of the feudal system in 1397 many of the Seljuk noble families came over from Asia Minor; their descendants may be recognized among the beys or Moslem landowners in southern Macedonia. At the beginning of the 18th century the Turkish population was very considerable, but since that time it has continuously decreased. A low birth rate, the exhaustion of the male population by military service, and great mortality from epidemics, against which Moslem fatalism takes no pre-cautions, have brought about a decline which has latterly been hastened by emigration

The Turkish rural population is found in three principal groups:
 * the most easterly extends from the Mesta to Drama, Pravishta and Orfano, reaching the sea-coast on either side of Kavala, which is partly Turkish, partly Greek.
 * The second, or central group begins on the sea-coast, a little west of the mouth of the Strymon, where a Greek population intervenes, and extends to the north-west along the Kara-Dagh and Belasitza ranges in the direction of Strumnitza, Veles, Shtip and Radovisht.
 * The third, or southern, group is centred around Kailar, an entirely Turkish town, and extends from Lake Ostrovo to Selfije (Servia). The second and third groups are mainly composed of Konariot shepherds. Besides these fairly compact settlements there are numerous isolated Turkish colonies in various parts of the country. The Turkish rural population is quiet, sober and orderly, presenting some of the best characteristics of the race. Apostolos Margaritis 10:44, 2 February 2006 (UTC)--3210 22:50, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Endustry
It is considered a highly industrial area. There are 4 power plants in this area producing 70% of Greece's electrical power. In its subsoil, there are huge amounts of lignite which is the raw material of the power plants. The plants are owned by the Public Power Corporation (DEI), who is the major employer in the city. The plant was first tested by the prime minister of Greece at that time, Constantine Karamanlis. The other two are in Amyntaio in Florina and in Agios Dimitrios.

Geografy
The city is in the valley and the mountains of Askio to the southwest and Vermio to the northeast. It is located N of Kozani, E of Kastoria, S of Florina and SW of Edessa. Since the 1960s or the 1970s, GR-3/E65? is bypassed to the east.

The current population is roughly 40,000 and is mainly employed by the power plants.

Ottoman Times
See main article: Ottoman Greece

According to Ottoman archivies the city was estableshed by turks.

First settlmants of Kailar are below

Image:Kayalar ilk meskunları (firs stalments of Kailar).jpg

left

The Sultan Selim II's ferman for Kailar:

left Ptolemaida was called Kailari (from the Turkish word which means relative like kainpeder;father in law -lar makes plural). The area of Ptolemaida became famous for the historic battles in the areas of Komanos and Perdikkas, during the Balkan Wars of 1912-13. Ptolemaida was taken from Turkish rule on October 15 1915. Ottoman time :original names of villigies of Kailar
 * Main city was two parts : 1.Ashai kailar(Türkish:Aşağı Kayılar) and Ukari Kailar(Yukarı Kayılar)--3210 08:10, 4 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Karafere war
 * Gianittsa war
 * Kumanova war
 * population
 * Population Exchange
 * Lozan

Settlement of new population
In the 1920s, the Pontic refugees from Asia Minor and from Pontos, as well as a smaller number of refugees from Thrace, arrived during the Greco-Turkish War and the population expanded. On September 8 1942, Ptolemaida became a municipality with a population of 8000, whose main occupation was agriculture and livestock farming.

Culture
Ptolemaida's culture has a long history. In addition to the Neolithic archaeological sites, a golden necklace dating to roughly 4500 BCE was discovered by a resident on February 16 2006. Associated Press reporter Costas Kantouris describes the item as a "flat, roughly ring-shaped prehistoric pendant [which] probably had religious significance and would have been worn on a necklace by a prominent member of society.".

Ethnic groups
A substantial proportion of Ptolemaida's residents are Greek-speaking Pontic refugees from Asia Minor who first arrived in Macedonia during the late 1920's. Another major ethnic group in the city are Greek Vlachi. A small ethnic group who inhabit the city are ethnic Macedonians, sometimes referred to as "local natives" or "Slavomacedonians" by the Greeks.

Historical population
see also:Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations
 * 1908
 * 1915
 * 1923 before population exchange
 * 1926 after population exchange :

Villages
Villages were named (in Ottoman Times ):

Villages were named (in Ottoman Times ): are should be added article inthe wikipedia
--3210 22:37, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Erdemuş(Erdoğmuş)
 * Kuzlu küy
 * Çalcılar
 * Hasan Köyü
 * Karapınar Köyü see: Karapınar war
 * Çalcılar
 * Köseler
 * Ağustos
 * Karaferye see:Karafere war
 * Sele
 * Topçular
 * Baraklı
 * Çerkesköy
 * Çeşme
 * Aydos
 * Gülünç
 * Kölemez
 * Uçana
 * Nalbantköy
 * İğneli
 * Kurtlar
 * Debre
 * Sulpa
 * Durutlar
 * Oyvodina
 * Muralar
 * Kırımşa
 * Arabina
 * Komana
 * Kaynak
 * Eleviç
 * Soroviç
 * Noyrat Gölü
 * Sotur
 * Orhan
 * Kruşar
 * Sarıkulak
 * Bulgar
 * Milas
 * Yeniköy
 * Tarman
 * Dustan(Farsi, means freands)
 * Kalburcular
 * Demirciler
 * yayla
 * Dedeler
 * kale obası
 * bağçeli obası
 * Ahmetli
 * Köçek Ahmetli
 * Çamurlu
 * Kuranekeş
 * Akpınar
 * Kadirli
 * Tatarcılar
 * Kırçova
 * Komana
 * Türbe
 * Celalli
 * Haydarlı
 * Cuma Tekkesi
 * Hacılar
 * Gaziler
 * Moğol
 * Karaağaç
 * Çakırlar
 * Sarı musalar
 * Rahmanlı
 * İsar
 * İbişli
 * Menteşeli
 * Hacı Morti
 * Aksaklı
 * Baraklı
 * Ayna Obası
 * Topçular
 * Veranlık
 * Üsküpler
 * Köseler
 * Yüz Obası
 * Yunuslu
 * Menteşeli
 * Kırımşa
 * Habillu
 * Muhinler
 * Koçana
 * Katransa
 * Terepişte
 * Frankoça
 * arkadohor
 * urupan
 * Çalışan
 * Öküz Obası
 * Ahmet Obası
 * Adil obası
 * Filan Obası
 * Karlı Dağ
 * Karaferye
 * Karaahmet
 * İsmailler
 * Cevadlı
 * Sofular
 * Köseler
 * Işıklar

Maps
File:Kayalar el çzimi.jpg The name of places in Latin alfabet. Image:Kayılar Yunanca adları-1.jpg Image:Rumelia map.jpg

See also:

 * List of communities of Kozani
 * Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations
 * see :yörük

Notes and references


قایلر  kayılar Πτολεμαΐδα Ptolemais Ptolemaida Птолемаида Птолемаида Ptolemaida Ptolemaida Ptolemaidha Ptolemaida Ptolemaida Ptolemaida Ptolemaida Kayılar