User:40bus/Conlangs/Nomerian/Mutations

Effects of séimhiú

 * 1) A stop becomes a fricative. Voicing is retained, as is place of articulation except with the coronals.
 * 2)  becomes  or ;  becomes.
 * 3)  and  become ; but, , , , , and  do not mutate.
 * 4)  is deleted.
 * 1)  becomes  or ;  becomes.
 * 2)  and  become ; but, , , , , and  do not mutate.
 * 3)  is deleted.
 * 1)  becomes  or ;  becomes.
 * 2)  and  become ; but, , , , , and  do not mutate.
 * 3)  is deleted.

Séimhiú is symbolized in the orthography by an h following the consonant in question or, in some older typefaces and texts, by a dot (◌̇) above the letter that has undergone lenition.

The other consonants do not change under lenition.

After the definite article
The definite article triggers lenition of:
 * 1) a feminine noun in the nominative singular
 * an vișano "the girl"
 * 1) a masculine noun in the genitive singular
 * an fhir "of the man" e.g. carr an fhir, the man's car (car of the man)
 * 1) a noun in the dative singular, when the article follows one of the prepositions de "from", do "to" or i "in"
 * do + an = don: don fhear "to the man"
 * de + an = den: den bhean "from the woman"
 * i + an = sa(n): sa chrann "in the tree"; san fhómhar "in the autumn"
 * and are never lenited after the article:
 * an deoch "the drink", although deoch is feminine nominative singular
 * an tí "of the house", although tí is masculine genitive singular


 * Where an would be lenited after the article, it becomes  (rather than ), written ts:
 * an tsúil "the eye" (fem. nom. sg.)
 * an tsaoil "of the world" (masc. gen. sg.)

After the vocative particle a

 * a Bhríd "Bríd!"
 * a Sheáin "Seán!"
 * a chairde "my friends!"

After possessive pronouns
The possessive pronouns that trigger lenition are mo "my", do "your (sg.)", a "his"
 * mo mhac "my son"
 * do theach "your house"
 * a pheann "his pen"

After certain prepositions

 * de chrann "out of a tree"
 * faoi chrann "under a tree"
 * mar dhuine "as a person"
 * ó Chorcaigh "from Cork"
 * roimh mhaidin "before morning"
 * trí shioc agus shneachta "through frost and snow"
 * um Cháisc "at Easter"
 * idir fhir agus mhná "both men and women"
 * ar bhord "on a table"

After the preterite/conditional of the copula

 * Ba dhuine mór é. "He was a big person."
 * Ba dheas uait é. "That was nice of you."

After the preterite preverbal particles

 * Níor mhúinteoir é. "He was not a teacher."
 * Níor thug mé "I didn't give"
 * Ar shagart é? "Was he a priest?"
 * Ar tháinig sé? "Did he come?"

After certain preverbal particles

 * ní thuigim "I don't understand"
 * má thagann sé "if he comes"
 * an fear a thabharfaidh dom é "the man who will give it to me"

A verb in the preterite, imperfect or conditional
These were originally preceded by the particle do and often still are in Munster.
 * bhris mé "I broke"
 * bhrisinn "I used to break"
 * bhrisfinn "I would break"

In modifier + head constructions
Lenition is blocked in these constructions if two coronals are adjacent.

After certain numbers
The singular form is used after numbers and is lenited in the following cases:
 * aon bhó amháin "one cow"
 * an chéad bhliain "the first year"
 * dhá theach "two houses"
 * beirt fhear "two men"
 * trí bhád "three boats"
 * ceithre bhó "four cows"
 * cúig phunt "five pounds"
 * sé mhí "six months"

After preposed adjectives
Constructions of adjective + noun are written as compounds.
 * seanbhean "old woman"
 * drochdhuine "bad person"
 * dea-sheirbhís "good deed"
 * nuatheanga "modern language"
 * tréanmhuir "stormy sea"
 * fíorchneas "true skin"
 * ardbhrú "high pressure"
 * ógfhear "young man"

After most prefixes

 * an-bheag "very small"
 * ró-bheag "too small"
 * aisghabháil "retake"
 * athbhliain "new year"
 * dobhréagnaithe "undeniable"
 * fochupán "saucer"
 * forbhríste "overalls"
 * idirchreidmheach "interconfessional"
 * ilphósadh "polygamy"
 * leasmháthair "stepmother"
 * míshásta "unhappy"
 * neamhchodladh "insomnia"
 * príomhchathair "capital city"
 * sobhriste "fragile"

The second part of a compound

 * ainmfhocal "noun" (lit. "name word")
 * dúghorm "dark blue"
 * státfhiach "national debt"

In head + modifier constructions
In these constructions coronals are lenited even following other
 * aimsir bháistí "rainy weather" (lenition after a feminine singular noun)
 * buidéil shú "bottles of juice" (lenition after a plural ending in a slender consonant)
 * teach Sheáin "Seán's house" (lenition of a definite noun in the genitive)

Postposed adjectives in certain circumstances

 * bean dheas "a pretty woman" (lenition after a feminine singular noun)
 * na fir mhóra "the big men" (lenition after a plural noun ending in a slender consonant)
 * ainm an fhir bhig "the name of the small man" (lenition after a masculine singular noun in the genitive)
 * sa chrann mhór "in the big tree" (lenition after a noun lenited by virtue of being in the dative after den, don, or sa(n))