User:40bus/Numerals/Turkish

Turkish numerals are a system of writing numbers using the letters of the Turkish alphabet. In Turkey, they are used more or less like Roman numerals in modern English, e.g. Garegin B. means Garegin II and C. bölüm means Chapter III (as a headline). The numeral system is a sign-value notation, with no zero sign.

Description
Turkish numerals are decimal, based on powers of 10. The units from 1 to 9 are assigned to the first nine letters of the alphabet from A to Ğ. Instead of reusing these numbers to form multiples of the higher powers of ten, however, each multiple of ten from 10 to 90 is assigned its own separate letter from the next nine letters of the Ionic alphabet from H to O. Each multiple of one hundred from 100 to 900 is then assigned its own separate letter as well, from Ö to V. The numbers 1,000 and 2,000 are assigned the two last letters, Y and Z. Higher numbers can then be expressed by adding an apostrophe, which expresses multiplication by 1,000, to letter of numeral. The numbers 1,000 and 2,000 can also be written as 'A and 'B, in addition to Y and Z. As the letters Q, W and X are not part of Turkish alphabet, they are not used in numeral system.

This alphabetic system operates on the additive principle in which the numeric values of the letters are added together to obtain the total. For example, 241 is represented as PJA (200 + 40 + 1).When needed to disambiguate, these numerals are distinguished from letters using overbars: $\overline{A}$, $\overline{B}$, $\overline{C}$, etc. For example, the number of the Beast, 666, is written as $\overline{TLE}$ (600 + 60 + 6). Fractions are indicated as the denominator followed by a prime (′); C′ indicates one third, Ç′ one fourth and so on. As an exception, special symbol ∠ʹ indicates one half (in addition to B′), and C°′ or Co′ is two-thirds. These fractions are additive (also known as Egyptian fractions); for example Ç′ E′ indicates $1/undefined$ + $1/undefined$ = $5/12$.

Table

 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! units|| A || B || C || | Ç || D || E || F || | G || | Ğ ! tens || H ||  I  ||  İ  ||  J  ||  K  ||  L  ||  M  ||  N  ||  O  ! hundreds|| Ö  ||  P  ||  R  ||  S  ||  Ş  ||  T  || U  ||  Ü  ||  V  ! thousands|| Y/'A || Z/'B ||| 'C || 'Ç || 'D ||  'E || 'F  || 'G  || 'Ğ  ! ten-thousands|| 'H || 'I ||| 'İ || 'J || 'K ||  'L || 'M  || 'N  || 'O  ! hundred-thousands|| 'Ö  ||  'P  ||  'R  ||  'S  ||  'Ş  ||  'T  || 'U  ||  'Ü  ||  'V 
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * 10 || 20 || 30 || 40 || 50 || 60 || 70 || 80 || 90
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * 100 || 200 || 300 || 400 || 500 || 600 || 700 || 800 || 900
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * 1000 || 2000 || 3000 || 4000 || 5000 || 6000 || 7000 || 8000 || 9000
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * 10,000 || 20,000 || 30,000 || 40,000 || 50,000 || 60,000 || 70,000 || 80,000 || 90,000
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * 100,000 || 200,000 || 300,000 || 400,000 || 500,000 || 600,000 || 700,000 || 800,000 || 900,000
 * }
 * }

Higher numbers
As said, higher numbers are written with adding apostrophe to express multiplication by 1,000: 'A is 1,000, 'B is 2,000, 'C is 3,000, 'Ç is 4,000 and so on. There exists also a simpler system based on powers of the 1,000; $A B$ is 1,000, $B B$ is 1,0002 = 1,000,000, $C B$ is 1,0003 = 109 and so on. The B is the first letter of Turkish word for 1,000, bin. This method can express numbers up to 1087 (1,00029), which is written as $Z B$.

$20,704 &minus; (20 &sdot; 1,000 + 700 + 4)$ can be represented as:
 * {| border="0" style="text-align:center;"

! style="vertical-align:bottom; padding-bottom: 5px"| $P B$ ! style="vertical-align:bottom; padding-bottom: 5px"| UÇ !  style="vertical-align:bottom; padding-bottom: 5px"|    =    20,704
 * }

More number examples

 * YVME = 1975 = 1000 + 900 + 70 + 5
 * ZPIB = 2222 = 2000 + 200 + 20 + 2
 * ZÇ = 2004 = 2000 + 4
 * ÖI = 120 = 100 + 20
 * K = 50

Decimal numbers
Decimal numbers are written as whole numbers first, then the decimal comma and then decimals. For example the number 5224.371 is written as 'DPIÇ,RMA and the number 96.053 is written as OE,°KC. As seen in the second example, the leading zeroes in decimals are written with a degree sign (°) to distinguish with leading zero-less decimals; the number 96.53 would then be OE,KC.

Astronomical fractions
Astronomical fractions are expressed by a sexagesimal positional system – with a subbase of 10 – for expressing fractions, fourteen of the alphabetic numerals are used (the units from 1 to 9 and the decades from 10 to 50) in order to write any number from 1 through 59. These can be a numerator of a fraction. The positional principle is used for the denominator of a fraction, which is written with an exponent of 60 (60, 3,600, 216,000, etc.). Sexagesimal fractions can be used to express any fractional value, with the successive positions representing 1/60, 1/602, 1/603, and so on.

Astronomical fractions:
 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! units || A || B || C || Ç || D || E || F || G || Ğ ! tens|| H || I || İ || J || K
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * -class="hintergrundfarbe5"
 * 10 || 20 || 30 || 40 || 50
 * }
 * }


 * {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"


 * $\overline{YŞHD}$ $\overline{I}$ $\overline{HD}$ = 1515 + (20 x 1/60) + (15 x 1/3600) = 1515.3375
 * }