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What is employee engagement

Employee engagement can be defined as the state of emotional and intellectual involvement that motivates employees to do their best work. (Roberts, D. 2013) Research conducted by Joshi, R., & Sodhi, J (2011); Swetha, G. et al. (2014) has found that employee engagement is the driving force for business success as it fosters a create and positive work environment. Bhuvanaiah, T et al. (2014) found that “Employee engagement is one of the emerging concepts addressing multiple challenges organisations face such as attrition, company reputation, customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, profitability, and business productivity”. Herzberg, F. (1968) concluded there are six internal motivating factors driving employee performance and engagement, these are a sense of achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, the opportunity for advancement and personal growth. (Schneider, B et al., 2009, Joshi, R., & Sodhi, J. 2011). A review of research by Ruyle, K., et al. (2009) identified that the single most important factor to drive employee engagement is the immediate manager working relationship. Effective management is a critical component in HRM to the success of retaining and engaging employees. Good managers are skilled in informing employees what is required, providing valuable feedback on performance, assigning developmental opportunities and delegating appropriately. These factors all work in conjunction to provide a positive work culture and enhance employee engagement and productivity.