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My Topic for this Research Project is: How has the evolution of immune defense and antibiotic resistance changed how we combat illnesses?

Annotated Bibliography:

Joshua Lederberg. Infectious History (14 April 2000); Science 288 (5464), 287. This paper outlines the trans-global history of the disturbing coevolution of     humanity and microbes. According do the author, ultimate survival may entail humans implementation of a more microbial standpoint.

Julian Davies, Dorothy Davies. Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance; Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. Sep 2010; 74(3): 417–433. These two authors draws out concerns for the use of antibiotics with the rising antibiotic resistance in medical settings, communities, and the environment. The paper shows how astonishing genetic abilities of microbes have defeated the push of antibiotics since the 20th century. The authors also talk about the significant aspects of antibiotic resistant developments, which have been occurring more frequently then ever.

Adam J. Dobson, Joanne Purve, Jens Rolff. Increased survival of experimentally evolved antimicrobial peptide-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an animal host. (2 July 2014) Evolutionary Applications. This paper outlines information regarding Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and how they have been introduced as a new type of antimicrobial drug due to the rising resistance to antibiotics. The authors discuss how synthetic AMPs are practical analogs of highly evolutionarily preserved immune effectors in animals and plants.

Saver R. In Tepid Defense of Population Health: Physicians and Antibiotic Resistance. American Journal Of Law & Medicine [serial online]. December 2008; 34(4):431-491. Available from: Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Ipswich, MA. Accessed September 15, 2014 This journal describes how antibiotic resistance is disturbing our population and how it is a threat to public health overall. A lot of studies have been focusing on how the supply side of antibiotics is effecting the resistive capabilities of certain microbes. Physicians now a days have a huge role in helping combat the growing resistance to antibiotics, and must manage that supply of antibiotics to prevent further recessive strains of microbes.

Ubeda C, Pamer E. Antibiotics, microbiota, and immune defense. Trends In Immunology [serial online]. September 2012;33(9):459-466. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed September 15, 2014. This journal describes the gastrointestinal tract micriobiota and how they contribute to the evolution of our immune system. The authors describe how the composition of these mircrobiota systems and their importance in our immune system. Then, the authors also discusses antibiotic administration and what is being done to combat the growing resistance to some of the medicine. Lastly, the paper discusses how antibiotic induced disturbances of the microbiota and immune homeostasis can lead to disease formation.