User:78orangeotters/Brownfield land

Plan for edits

Possible Sources: ￼
 * Add more countries to regulations.
 * Find reliable sources for Remediation Strategies and maybe create sub-sections for all of the remediation techniques.
 * Situ Thermal Remediation
 * Bioremediation
 * In Situ Oxidation, etc.
 * Possibly find reliable sources for barriers

Reddy, Krishna R., et al. “Potential Technologies for Remediation of Brownfields.” Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management, vol. 3, no. 2, Apr. 1999, pp. 61–68. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-025X(1999)3:2(61).

This article talks about regulations and remediation strategies when assessing a Brownfield.

I plan to use this for my remediation strategies and maybe compare it to what is already in the regulations section.

Guidi Nissim, Werther, and Michel Labrecque. “Reclamation of Urban Brownfields through Phytoremediation: Implications for Building Sustainable and Resilient Towns.” Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, vol. 65, Nov. 2021, p. 127364. ScienceDirect, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127364.

Phytoremediation uses plants to clean contaminated soil and is a sustainable remediation strategy.

This would be one of the subsections for remediation strategies (ex. Phytoremediation or Sustainable remediation strategies)

Sun, Yiming, et al. “Redevelopment of Urban Brownfield Sites in China: Motivation, History, Policies and Improved Management.” Eco-Environment & Health, vol. 1, no. 2, June 2022, pp. 63–72. ScienceDirect, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eehl.2022.04.005.

China is putting strong framework in place to make sure soil and water quality are restored/not affected by brownfield sites.

I will use this article to add to the regulations to provide more countries with information on brownfields.

Potts, L., and C. E. Cloete. Developing Guidelines for Brownfield Development in South Africa. 2012, pp. 389–99. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.2495/EID120341.

This article provides research as to how South Africa should combat brownfields and possibly future policies to be created.

I will use this in the regulations section.

Tonin, Stefania, and Pietro Bonifaci. “Assessment of Brownfield Redevelopment Opportunities Using a Multi-Tiered Approach: A Case in Italy.” Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, vol. 71, Sept. 2020, p. 100812. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100812.

This is about a case study in Italy and a different remediation strategy and redevelopment.

On the talk page, it was mentioned to bring in real-world examples so I plan on using this as a learning experience and to show what brownfield remediation and redevelopment could look like.

3/27/23

Goals:


 * Expand on remediation processes (complete 4/26)
 * Create new subheadings for the remediation processes (complete by 4/12)
 * Add to restrictions sections with new countries

Overview of Remediation Processes

There are many different types or remediation strategies but it all depends on the sites characteristics and impact assessment. After that is when the remediation strategy that is site-specific will be chosen. Many remediation strategies depend on what the brownfield redevelopment plan is.

Subheadings of Remediation Processes


 * On-site or “In-situ” treatment
 * Breaks down contaminants by using microorganisms that are present within the soil
 * Phytoremediation (use wiki article)
 * Uses living plants to help clean up soil, air and water contaminates.
 * Bioremediation (use wiki article)
 * It is a natural process that is seen as a benefit.


 * Ex-Situ treatments
 * Used to treat excavated soil or extracted groundwater.
 * Tank removal
 * Excavation
 * Capping
 * Lead and asbestos abatement

Yuvraj. (2022). Microalgal bioremediationbioremediation: A clean and sustainable approach for controlling environmental pollutionenvironmental pollution. In S. Arora, A. Kumar, S. Ogita, & Y.-Y. Yau (Eds.), Innovations in Environmental Biotechnology (pp. 305–318). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4445-0_13

Gomes, H. I., Dias-Ferreira, C., & Ribeiro, A. B. (2013). Overview of in situ and ex situ remediation technologies for PCB-contaminated soils and sediments and obstacles for full-scale application. Science of The Total Environment, 445–446, 237–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.098

Remedial Strategies
When determining a remedial strategy there is a routine approach that takes place. The aspects of this approach include site characteristics, impact assessment, and the selection of remedial action. Figure 1 below shows the routine approach that takes place. Site characterization collects and assesses data from the brownfield. The data should include the toxins and how they are dispersed within site. The data is specific to the site to help determine the proper way to get rid of the toxins.

The impact assessment assesses the risk of the contaminants to human and environmental health. It also determines if it will have an effect on future generations when the land is used for redevelopment. The impact assessment is when a remedial strategy is determined. The last step in the process is remedial action. Through the impact assessment, some areas might not need remedial action but in more severe cases action needs to take place.

Remedial strategies are a way for brownfields to be redeveloped and made something new. To decide on the appropriate remedial strategy, location is most important. Valuation and finance are other factors that need to be assessed. Location can help decide what type of remedial strategy is used. There are two ways scientists can conduct remedial strategies, in-situ and ex-situ. In-situ means on-site. These remedial strategies can take place at the brownfield. Ex-situ means off-site. These remedial strategies occur at another location due to multiple factors. A lot of the strategies overlap for both in-situ and ex-situ, but the big difference is that they take place at different locations. In-situ is seen as safer, due to the fact that the contaminants remain on-site and are not becoming exposed when they are relocated when doing ex-situ.

Bioremediation
Bioremediation is the process of taking microorganisms that will break down the contaminants within the soil and will turn the contaminants into a non-toxic form through the microorganism's metabolic processes. The rate of degradation of the chemicals within the soil is not known. This can make bioremediation unreliable. A big reason why this process is used is because it is an inexpensive way to treat the soil compared to other methods. Some limitations to this process are certain chemicals within the soil are not able to be broken down.