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ATRP or atom transfer radical polymerization is an example of a living polymerization or a controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP). Like its counter part, ATRA or atom transfer radical addition, it is a means of forming carbon-carbon bond through transition metal catalyst. As the name implies, the atom transfer step is the key step in the reaction responsible for uniform polymer chain growth. ATRP (or transition metal-mediated living radical polymerization) was independently discovered by Mitsuo Sawamoto and by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and Jin-Shan Wang in 1995. This is a typical ATRP reaction: