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Incidence
The terms incidence, and prevalence are closely connected when explaining the epidemiology of childhood obesity, but they are different. The term incidence refers to newly identified occurrences of the disease, versus prevalence, which is the number of children who currently have the disease. The prevalence of childhood obesity has been well documented, but the incidence of childhood obesity needs to be understood more. The importance of identifying the incidence of age-related onset of obesity, is vital to understanding when intervention opportunities are most important, so as to prevent the onset of childhood obesity. Similarly, identifying the incidence of childhood obesity within a respective race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, can also help delineate other areas of intervention opportunities for certain populations.

A systematic review of the incidence of childhood obesity, using the CDC's Body-Mass-Index (BMI), for age-and-sex (>95th percentile), found the incidence of childhood obesity in the Unites States, declines with age. The age-and-sex related incidence of obesity was found to be, "4.0% for infants 0–1.9 years, 4.0% for preschool-aged children 2.0–4.9 years, 3.2% for school-aged children 5.0–12.9 years, and 1.8% for adolescents 13.0–18.0 years". When the incidence of childhood obesity, was isolated for the socioeconomically disadvantaged, or for racial/ethnic minority groups, obesity incidence was discovered to be, "4.0% at ages 0–1.9 years, 4.1% at 2.0–4.9 years, 4.4% at 5.0–12.9 years, and 2.2% at 13.0–18.0 years."

Based on a 2015-2016 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES), researchers at Duke University, found that the incidence of childhood obesity is on the rise, with a notable rise in preschool boys (2.0-4.9 years), and girls aged 16.0-19.0 years old. The Duke University researchers, also discovered that although it had been believed that obesity in children had been on a decline in recent years, that obesity in children at all ages has been increasing.