User:AFX787359/sandbox

=Article Evaluations=

Note: Reading Carbon capture and storage.
 * Very well written
 * Has many, many editors
 * Active talk page
 * Frequently edited/revised/reviewed
 * Citations are very reliable; mostly academic journals and reputable sources
 * Mostly take a pro-CCS point of view, as would perhaps be expected

Avatarfanx2 (talk) 19:37, 27 March 2018 (UTC)

= Add to an Article = https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secondary_spill_containment&type=revision&diff=832965617&oldid=770321711

The comparison is found here. Avatarfanx2 (talk) 19:36, 29 March 2018 (UTC)

=Choosing Possible Wikipedia Topics= Proposed Topics and Areas to Improve:
 * 1) Tropical cyclones and climate change
 * 2) 2017 section needs more concrete information about the modeling and cause-effect relationships
 * 3) General circulation model
 * 4) Emissions Scenarios needs more detail from IPCC report and further findings of recent research
 * 5) Arctic sea ice decline
 * 6) The implications section could use extra information about ice as a reflector and water as an absorber and overall energy balances
 * 7) Carbon sink
 * 8) The role of artificial climate engineering to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and sequester it underground or elsewhere.

Want to work on the following articles: re
 * 1) Tropical cyclones and climate change
 * 2) https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/was-the-extreme-2017-hurricane-season-driven-by-climate-change/
 * 3) Role of increased sea temperatures
 * 4) Increase in number and intensity of named storms
 * 5) Role of hurricane size and potential growth
 * 6) Cape Verde Hurricanes vs. Caribbean hurricanes
 * 7) http://climateanalytics.org/files/tropical_cyclones_impacts_cc_adaptation.pdf
 * 8) Role of the 2.5 degree C rise predicted by the IPCC
 * 9) How to better prepare for future hurricanes
 * 10) Need to transition to low-carbon societies
 * 11) http://www.climatesignals.org/headlines/events/atlantic-hurricane-season-2017
 * 12) Hurricane Harvey "stuck" in place due to wind shear effects
 * 13) Extreme rainfall
 * 14) Sinking of Leeward Islands
 * 15) Carbon sink
 * 16) https://www.fastcompany.com/40421871/this-machine-just-started-sucking-co2-out-of-the-air-to-save-us-from-climate-change
 * 17) Role of current CCS technology and industrial applications
 * 18) Natural carbon sinks vs. artificial carbon sinks
 * 19) https://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/01/carbon_seq/7b1.pdf
 * 20) How to "engineer" the climate from going past the 2 degree C tipping point
 * 21) Role of carbon sinks in this process
 * 22) Infrastructure costs

Chosen Article
Tropical cyclones and climate change

Avatarfanx2 (talk) 02:03, 8 April 2018 (UTC)
 * 1) https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/was-the-extreme-2017-hurricane-season-driven-by-climate-change/
 * 2) Role of increased sea temperatures
 * 3) Increase in number and intensity of named storms
 * 4) Role of hurricane size and potential growth
 * 5) Cape Verde Hurricanes vs. Caribbean hurricanes
 * 6) http://climateanalytics.org/files/tropical_cyclones_impacts_cc_adaptation.pdf
 * 7) Role of the 2.5 degree C rise predicted by the IPCC
 * 8) How to better prepare for future hurricanes
 * 9) Need to transition to low-carbon societies
 * 10) http://www.climatesignals.org/headlines/events/atlantic-hurricane-season-2017
 * 11) Hurricane Harvey "stuck" in place due to wind shear effects
 * 12) Extreme rainfall
 * 13) Sinking of Leeward Islands

=Add Section to Tropical cyclones and climate change= Section title: Response

Given the scientific consensus that tropical cyclones have been strengthening as a response to climate change, there have been numerous recommended in peer-reviewed journal articles on how best to respond. There has been grave concern that in the immediate aftermath of a tropical cyclone, the focus on applying resources towards immediate relief to those affected has and will continue to divert attention from more long-term solutions to the problems rising through climate change. This is further exacerbated by the fact that lower-income communities and countries suffer most from the consequences of tropical cyclones. Despite this, in order to maintain long term stability and resilience, the implementation of long term goals cannot be understated.

Policymakers have been recommended certain proposed initiatives by the scientific and economic communities, and certain nations and supranational communities have already taken the initiative to either implement these or created a plan of action to implement them in the foreseeable future. One active policy decision that would assist in mitigating risks of flooding would be reforestation of inland areas in order to strengthen the soil of the communities and reduce coastal inundation. It is also recommended that local schools, churches, and other local community infrastructure be permanently equipped to become cyclone shelters at a moment's notice such that residents are not required to remain in their own housing for longer than absolutely necessary.

Specific national and supranational decisions have already been made and are being implemented in this regard. The Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific (FRDP) has been instituted to strengthen and better coordinate disaster response and climate change adaptation among nations and communities in the region. Specific nations such as Tonga and the Cook Islands in the Southern Pacific under this regime have developed a Joint National Action Plan on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management (JNAP) to coordinate and commonly execute responses to the rising risk for climate change. The nations under this agreement have identified the most vulnerable ares of their nations, generated national and supranational policies that will be implemented, and provided specific goals and timelines to achieve these goals. These actions to be implemented include reforestation, building of levees and dams, creation of early warning systems, reinforcing existing communication infrastructure, finding new sources of fresh water, promoting and subsidizing the proliferation renewable energy sources, improving irrigation techniques to promote sustainable agriculture, increase public education efforts on sustainable measures, and lobbying internationally for the increased use of renewable energy sources.

United States
In the United States, there have been several concrete initiatives taken to better prepare for the strengthening of hurricanes in the foreseeable future.

North Carolina
North Carolina has been focusing on environmental issues since the 1970s when a rising popular tide of environmental awareness pushed allowed the state to take advantage of the federal funds made available to states to deal with potential natural disasters in the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972. In the interim, North Carolina has identified nine coastal areas which are most likely to suffer most in the event of hurricane activity. The state required that all municipalities and counties in these areas to prepare comprehensive action plans to be implemented and carried out in the event of a major natural disaster. The localities are further required to periodically and constantly update these action plans to keep them up to date. The state requires these plans to include both long term goals to be achieved such as reforestation, building of levees, finding new fresh water sources, etc. as well as short term goals such as preparing local emergency shelters, increasing funding towards research in how best to mitigate the harm of hurricanes, stocking of emergency supplies, etc.

South Carolina
In South Carolina, the state has been actively monitoring and taking an interest in hurricane aftermath management since 1977 when it passed its first coastal management act. The act was administered by the Coastal Council in the state's executive branch until 1993 when it was incorporated into the Department of Health and Environmental Control. From its inception, the South Carolina model has been management of local flora and fauna habitats to strengthen the coastal areas' resilience to flooding and storm surge from hurricanes. In 1988, the state significantly strengthened its coastal laws to deal with the increasing coastal erosion and oceanfront development. These actions came one year before the landfall of Hurricane Hugo in 1989, which devastated the state, and since then South Carolina has continued to focus on increased preparedness for ensuing hurricanes. The Coastal Council's authority was amended by the legislature to provide and further enforce additional guidelines to shoreline development, which the act required be done only as a last resort. The state has also mandated planning and zoning provisions for local communities which are vulnerable to hurricane impacts, and it has required relocation of certain residents in the coastal areas to inland part of the states to prevent further loss or damage to human life.

Maine
The state of Maine has a long history of coastal management in all forms dating back to the 1960s, which was then eventually codified into written law in 1978 after the "Blizzard of '78". The state passed various laws to mandate the management and preparation of state authorities to prepare for further natural disasters, including the potential landfalls of future hurricanes. The legislature allocated funds for several state executive agencies to take an active role in the regulation of coastal development and residence. Maine also utilized already allocated federal funds to better manage its coastal areas. These agencies and funds were utilized to take several precautionary measures such as building sand dune to serve as temporary levees, construction of seawalls to fortify the coast against storm surges and flooding, reforestation of the state to strengthen the soil, and the banning of construction in certain extremely flood-prone areas.

Avatarfanx2 (talk) 20:39, 14 April 2018 (UTC) Avatarfanx2 (talk) 22:42, 16 April 2018 (UTC)

=References=