User:AWB2021/Camera

Image capture on film
Traditional cameras capture light onto photographic plate or photographic film. Video and digital cameras use an electronic image sensor, usually a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a CMOS sensor, to capture images which can be transferred or stored in a memory card or other storage inside the camera for later playback or processing.

Cameras have used a wide range of film and plate. In the early history, plate sizes were often specific for the make and model of cameras. Although, there quickly developed some standardization for the more popular cameras. The introduction of roll film drove the standardization process still further so that by the 1950s only a few standard roll films were in use. These included 120 films providing 8, 12 or 16 exposures, 220 films providing 16 or 24 exposures, 127 films providing 8 or 12 exposures (principally in Brownie cameras) and 135 (35mm film) providing 12, 20 or 36 exposures—or up to 72 exposures in the half-frame format or bulk cassettes for the Leica Camera range.

For amateur use, several smaller, and therefore less expensive, formats were introduced. 17.5mm film, created by splitting 35mm film, was one early amateur format. 17.5mm film was most commonly used until 1912 where 28mm film and accompanying technology was introduced by Pathé Frères. It was used for nearly all film-based professional motion picture production. 9.5 mm film, introduced in Europe in 1922, and 16 mm film, introduced in the US in 1923, soon became the standards for "home movies" in their respective hemispheres. In 1932, the even more economical 8mm format was created by Kodak by doubling the number of perforations in 16mm film, then splitting it, usually after exposure and processing. The Super 8 format was introduced in 1965. It was still 8mm wide, but with smaller perforations to make room for substantially larger film frames.