User:AWinslow2020/sandbox

Article Evaluation: "Endocrine Surgery"

I believe that everything in the article is relevant to the article topic. It focus on endocrine surgery by shedding light on the types of specific surgeries that could be conducted on the endocrine organs that would make a surgery be referred to as an endocrine surgery. Overall, the information is scarce, however out of the three cited sources only one of them is older than three years old, however the information comes from a book entitled "Surgery: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence" which happened to be worked on by multiple authors and also possesses a copious amount of references. I do think that the sight looks a little bare and could use more information, especially of the sub-division of endocrine surgery as well as back ground information of each organ of the endocrine system. Also if the history of endocrine surgery could be touched on just a little bit more it would completely enhance the article. Overall, the page appears to be factual and doesn't have a bias embedded in it. Additionally, I don't think anything was overrepresented if anything everything was underrepresented by lacking an appropriate amount of information for each category/sub-category. The information doesn't appear to be bias and the links in the article all work and in my opinion seem like reliable references. The conversation that I think is going on behind the scenes is what information should be included, what information is deemed necessary and what information would be considered "fluff", and how reliable is the information.This article does happen to be part of a Wikiproject and has been rated of Mid-importance by the group and has been rated as a start-class project. We have yet to really talk about endocrine surgery in class; however the article does lack background information of endocrine surgery (what we did learn in class) such as the surgery on the rosters.

Possible Article "Van Wyk and Grumbach Syndrome"

This article is extremely scarce, having what appears to be little to no information. However, the cited referenced do work and bring the view to a article of some sorts.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169870/

--Notes on “Thyroid Hormones and Depression: The Health In Men Study” : Depression is a common mental health disorder that affects people of all ages. However, this study will focus on the depression and how it affects around 10 percent of men ages 65 and up. Even the so called “cause” of depression remains unknown many researchers have suggested that “overt or subclinical hypothyroidism” is connected to the increased number of individuals who experience symptoms of depression, resulting in the suggestion of thyroid functioning test being a regular part of mental health wellness exams especially in regards to depression and for older individuals. For almost half a century people have proposed the link of thyroid dysfunction to depression. T3 has increased the efficacy in which patients respond to antidepressants. However, the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and depression isn’t as straightforward as we would hope. A good portion of individuals who have depression do not express thyroid dysfunction and most adults with hypothyroidism don’t have depression. Additionally studies have mentioned that depression could be linked to the high concentration of thyroid hormones. In this study an experiment was conducted to see if the serum concentration of TSH and T4 are connected to the presence of depression in older men that do not have thyroid dysfunction. The results concluded that these depressed older men were more like to been past of current smokers, to be overweight, etc opposed to their non-depressed peers.However, over all the study mentions that the concentrations of both TSH and T4 have no relation to the presence of depression in older men that lack thyroid disease and additionally, no evidence that overt hypothyroidism contributed to the increase risk of depression in this group. The conductors of this study have come to the conclusion that thyroid hormones aren't likely to contribute significantly to depression in older men and that testing for thyroid hormone dysfunction during mental health exams would be uninformative and a waste of money. The study does emphasize in its discussion that this study was conducted on old men and they aren't sure if younger individuals would have the same or differing responses.

Notes on “Sweating away depression? The impact of intensive exercise on depression” :

This study conducted an experiment in which 30 moderately depressed men were randomly assigned to one of three group varying in difficulty. The individuals would work out for an hour three times a week for six weeks. Moderate- and high-intensity exercise improves depression levels (based on test such as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale); however beta endorphin results were inconclusive. The conclusion of this study was that due to the inconclusive beta endorphin results the hypothesis that the PANIC system is connect to depression has not be conclusively confirmed.


 * Notes on “Use of Endocrine Hormones for Treating Depression” :
 * The disruption of endocrine hormones has been connected to the pathophysiology of depression. Some of these hormones such as adrenal, thyroid, and gonadal axis hormones have been used as antidepressant agents.
 * Adrenal axis hormones- Cortisol is released by the adrenal gland in response to physical and mental stress. The hormone CRH is released to respond to stress. CRH then triggers the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, which makes its way from the pituitary to the adrenal gland. Irregular regulation of HPA axis can result in weight loss, trouble sleeping, and suicidal thought.... (COME BACK)


 * Notes on “Adolescent chronic stress causes hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical hypo-responsiveness and depression-like behavior in adult female rats” :
 * Long lasting exposure to stress during adolescence can result in long-lasting changes in neuroendocrine function and emotional behaviors. This study consists of exposing female rats to two weeks worth of CVS in regards to neuroendocrine function, neuropeptide mRNA expression and depressive-like behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Overall this study depicts that exposure to chronic stress during adolescence plays a large role in how an individual will behave, having the ability to affect the way the female rat develop as it pertains to their adulthood.
 * The study was conducted on female rats because reportedly females are twice as likely to develop depression making it researchers feel as if sex plays and huge role in the occurrence of depression. Recent research conducted on rodents have confirmed this hypothesis with female rats being more affected by CVS in the long run oppose to their male counterparts. (COME BACKK)

Outline of "Behavior Endocrinology" Depression Section:

Depression (Behavior Endocrinology)
Since a handful of sources are stating that women are twice as likely to have depression than men based on suicidal attempts, hospital records, etc I've notice that I am finding a lot of information geared to women (mostly pregnant and adolescent women but women non the less)

What is Depression

 * 1) Depression (as defined by wikipedia) is a state of low mood and aversion to activity, that is capable of affecting a persons thought, behaviors, feeling and more. Depression can be developed due to a multitude of life events; such as the lost of a loved one, any type of abuse (mental, physical, emotional, sexual), being neglected, not feeling good enough, and more. Countless articles have mentioned that women are twice as likely to develop depression, but the important question is why is that?

Proposed Pathways
Notes that NEED to be ADDRESSED and ALTER (that's why it is italicized)

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000632230001088X 

Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been heavily observed in patients with major depression.

''Multiple studies have suggested that the Glucocorticoid receptors are less prevalent in patients with depression. An experiment was conducted on rats where they received the drug reserpine (which is known as a way to prompt depressive symptoms in human) and when the drug was administered the amount of glucocorticoid receptors decrease in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and pituitary along with the spleen and the lymphocytes. ''

Depression is said to be associated with dysfunction of the corticosteroid receptor function  resulting in the mass production and release of neurohormones that can result in symptoms associated with depression.

Experiments
Multiple experiments have been done in order to attempt to get a better grasp of depression, how it occurs, and why women are more likely to be diagnosed. Here area a few experiments conducted as a means to further people's comprehension of depression:


 * 1) A study was conducted on adolescent female rats to see if and how undergoing long period of chronic variable stress would affect the female rats when entering adulthood. The study elaborated on how copious amounts of exposure to stress at a young age can result in long-lasting neurohormonal and emotional behavior on an individual...

Conclusions
(i did this, I found this, this means)

Category:Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disease stubs