User:Aalox/Mir RU

Peace (orbital station) [править] Material from Vikipedii - the free encyclopedia To pass k: navigation, the search Peace Emblem Emblem emblem station Emblem emblem station "Mir Information about the flight Name: 	Peace Pozyvanoy: 	Peace Starting: 	19 February, 1986 21:28:23 utc Baikonur, THE USSR Entry into the atmosphere: 	23 March, 2001 05:50:00 utc Crew: 	28 lasting expeditions It is inhabited: 	4594 days In orbit: 	5511 days Orbit around the earths: 	~89&#y'0;0'" Apogee: 	393 km Perigee: 	385 km Revolution period: 	89,1 min Inclination 	51,6° Passed distance: 	~e&#y'0;'e8&#y'0;ya"0&#y'0;e0" km Mass (without the modules) 	124,340 tons Peace

Peace ("Salyut-8") - the Soviet orbital station, which is elaborate multipurpose scientific research complex. Content [убрать]

* 1 history * 2 the device o 2.1 the base block o 2.2 module "quantum" o 2.3 module "quantum -2" o 2.4 module "crystal" o 2.5 module "spectrum" o 2.6 the docking module o 2.7 module "nature" * 3 the crews * 4 the facts * 5 references

[to guide] the history 1976 Photograph of orbital station the peace on 24 September, 1996

The project of station began to be planned in 1976, when NPO "energy" let out technical proposals on the creation usovershenstvovannykh lasting OS. During August 1978 the preliminary design of new station was released. During February 1979 the work on the creation of the station of new generation unrolled, the works on base block, onboard and scientific equipment began. But at the beginning of 1984 all resources were to the program "snow-storm", and the works on the station proved to be practically they were frozen. The interference Of the secretary Of the CC CPSU G helped. V. Romanov, who posed the problem of completing works on the station to THE XXVII Congress OF CPSU - COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION.

Base block was injected into orbit on 20 February, 1986. Then for 10 years one after another were mated six additional modules.

With 1995 station they began to attend foreign crews. Also station visited 15 expeditions of visit, of them 14 international with the participation cosmonauts of Syria, Bulgaria, Afghanistan, France (5 times), Japan, Great Britain, Austria, Germany (2 times)

Within the framework of program "Mir-wattl" were realized 7 short-term expeditions of visit with the aid of the ship "Atlantis" and one with the aid of the ship "indevor", during which station 34 astronauts visited.

At the end of the 90th at the station began numerous problems with the failure of different instruments and systems. After a certain time government RF, referring to high costs of further exploitation, in spite of the numerous projects of the rescuing of station, was made the decision to flood "worlds", probably because of the pressure on the government of Russia from the side OF THE USA. America pinched the individual Russian possession of only space station and it lobbirovala project S. On 23 March, 2001, worked three times longer than the initially established period station was flooded in the southern part of Pacific Ocean, next to Fiji islands.

In all at the station worked 104 cosmonauts and astronaut of 12 countries.

Records of the station:

* Valerie polyakov - continuous stay in space during 438 days. (1995)   * Shannon Lusid - record of the duration of space flight among the women of 188 days (1996) * In a quantity of experiments - 23 000.

[to guide] the device 12 May Blocks blocks station "Mir

All modules except butt are delivered by carrier rocket "proton".

[to guide] the base block

It was assembled during April 1985, from 12 May, 1985, it underwent numerous tests on assembly stand. As a result the block was substantially finished, especially its onboard cable system. It is injected into orbit on 20 February, 1986. It resembles the orbital station of a series "Salyut". Inside wardroom, two individual cabins, airtight worker it cut off with the central control and the means of connection. In the wall of housing - portable airlock. Outside 3 solar panels. It has six butt ports for the connection with the cargo ships and the scientific modules.

[to guide] module "quantum"

It is injected into orbit on 31 March, 1987, and it is mated to the station "Mir" on 12 April, 1987. Astrophysical module bore the complex of instruments for observing the space X-ray sources. the "quantum" also made it possible to carry out biotechnological experiments in the region of antiviral preparations and fractions.

* Mass of yy&#y'0;0shch0 kg. * Length of 5,8 m.   * Maximum diameter of 4,15 m.    * Volume, find under the atmospheric pressure, 40 mі. * Area of solar batteries 1 mІ. * The output power of 6 kW.

[to guide] module "quantum -2"

It is injected into orbit on 26 November, 1989, and it is mated on 6 December, 1989. Module of additional equipping, for the additional comfort of cosmonauts. Bore the equipment, necessary for the subsistence of station. Outside two rotary solar batteries.

[to guide] module "crystal"

It is injected into orbit on 10 June and it is mated on 10 July, 1990. Butt- technological module. There was inside the scientific equipment of the different designation:

1. For the analysis of obtaining new materials in weightlessness conditions. This technological furnaces "Crater- vm" and "gallar", the complex of control "onyx", specular furnace "optizon-y", experimental installations "crystallizer -cSK-1" and "titus-ccSK-ya", equipment "of the Alisas -.II". 2. For the astrophysical observations. These are gamma-telescope "bouquet", UV- telescope "glazar-2", spectrometer "Grenade- S", magnetic spectrometer "Mary -2" 3. For medical and biological studies. It includes hothouse the "light" + Fbi-2 and equipment "fertil'".

[to guide] module "spectrum"

It is mated on 1 June, 1995. Geophysical module. With its aid it were achieved monitoring the atmosphere, ocean, earth's surface, biomedical studies.

[to guide] the docking module

It is mated on 15 November, 1995. This module delivered shuttle "Atlantis" for guaranteeing the possibility of jointing shuttles with this module delivered shuttle

[to guide] module "nature"

It is injected into orbit on 23 April, 1996, and it is mated on 26 April, 1996. Bore equipment for the observations of the earth's surface at different wavelengths, and also for the behavioral inquiry of man under the conditions of prolonged space flight.

[to guide] the crews 13 March Station "Mir" on 12 June 1998

Station was manned about 10 years - from 5 September 1989 through 26 August 1999.

* Union T -15 from 13 March through 16 July, 1986, ; also they visited "Salyut-7" o By Leonid kizy o Vladimir Solovyev

* Union TM-2 from 5 February through 30 July 1987 o Yuri Romanenko o Aleksandr laveykin

* Union TM-E from 22 July through 29 December 1987; international flight. o Aleksandr viktorenko. o Aleksandr Aleksandrov o Mohammed Faris - Syria.

* Union TM-YA from 21 December 1987 through 17 June 1988 o Vladimir Titov o Musa Of manarov o Anatoliy levchenko

* Union TM-SHCH from 7 June through 7 September 1988; international flight. o Anatoliy Solovyev o Victor savinykh o Aleksandr Aleksandrov - Bulgaria

* Union TM-' from 29 August through 21 December 1988; international flight. o Vladimir lyakhov o Valerie polyakov o Abdul Of akhad Of momand - Afghanistan

* Union TM-" from 26 November 1988 through 27 April 1989; international flight.         o Aleksandr volkov          o Sergey krikalev          o Jean- Lu Chretien - France

* Union TM-8 from 5 September 1989 through 19 February 1990 o Aleksandr viktorenko o Aleksandr serebrov

* Union TM-9 from 11 February through 9 August 1990 o Anatoliy Solovyev o Aleksandr balandin

* Union TM-Y0 from 1 August through 10 December 1990 o Gennadi manakov o Gennadi strekalov

* Union TM-YY from 2 December 1990 through 26 May 1991; international flight. o Victor afanas'ev         o Musa Of manarov o Toyekhiro Of akiyama - Japan

* Union TM-Y2 from 18 May through 10 October 1991; international flight. o Anatoliy artsebarskiy o Sergey krikalev o Khelen Of sharman - Great Britain

* Union TM-YE from 2 October of 1991 through 25 March 1992; international flight. o Aleksandr volkov o Tokhtar Of aubakirov- Kazakhstan o Franz fibek - Austria

* Union TM-YYA from 17 March through 10 August 1992; international flight. o Aleksandr viktorenko o Aleksandr kaleri o Klaus- Dietrich To flade - Germany

* Union TM-YSHCH from 27 July 1992 through 1 February 1993; international flight. o Anatoliy Solovyev o Sergey Avday o Michel tonini - France

* Union TM-Y' from 24 January through 22 July 1993 o Gennadi manakov o Aleksandr poleshchuk

* Union TM-Y" from 1 July 1993 through 14 January 1994; international flight.         o Vasiliy tsibliyev          o Aleksandr serebrov          o Jean- Pierre en'ere - France

* Union TM-Y8 from 8 January through 9 July 1994 o Victor afanas'ev         o Yuri usachev o Valerie polyakov

* Union TM-Y9 from 7 January through 11 April 1994 o Yuri malenchenko o Talgat Musabaev

* Union TM-20 from 3 October 1994 through 22 March 1995; international flight. o Aleksandr viktorenko o Helen kondakova o Ul'f Of merbol'd - YEKA (Germany)

* Union TM-2Y c, 14 March on 11 September 1995; international flight. o Vladimir dezhurov o Gennadi strekalov o Norman tagard - USA

1996 Shuttle "Atlantis" attached to the "peace"

* Sts-71 Atlantis from 27 June through 7 July 1995 o Robert Gibson - USA o Prekort, Charles Joseph - USA o Baker, Ellen Of shulman - THE USA o Dunbar, Bonni Of dzhinn - THE USA o Kharbo, Gregory Jordan - USA o Anatoliy Solovyev o Nikolai budarin

* Union TM-22 c, 3 September of 1995 on 29 February 1996; international flight. o Yuri gidzenko o Sergey Avday o Thomas rayter - YEKA (Germany)

* Sts-74 Atlantis c, 12 November on 20 November 1995 o Kenneth kameron - USA o James khalsell - USA o Jerry ross - USA o William makArtur - USA o Kristofer Of khedfild - THE USA

* Union TM-И from 21 February through 2 September 1996 o Yuri onufriyenko o Yuri usachev

* Sts-76 Atlantis c, 22 March on 31 March 1996 o Kevin Chilton - USA o Richard sierfoss - USA o Lind Godwin - USA o Maykl Clifford - USA o Ronald Sega - USA o Shannon Lusid - USA

* Union TM-2YA from 17 August 1996 through 2 March 1997; international flight. o Valerie korzun o Aleksandr kaleri o Klodi To en'ere - France

* Sts-79 Atlantis c, 16 September on 26 September 1996 o William Reddy - USA o Terrensi Of uilkatt - THE USA o Thomas eykers - USA o Jerome ept - USA o Karl uolz - USA o John blakh - USA.

* Sts-81 Atlantis c, 12 January on 22 January 1997 o Maykl Baker - USA o Brunt Dzhett - USA