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Sandbox for WRIT340 Wikipedia Project: Shave ice

Shave ice or Hawaiian shave ice is an ice-based dessert made by shaving a block of ice. On the Big Island of Hawai'i, it is also referred to as "ice shave." In contrast, snow cone s are made with crushed ice rather than shaved ice. The thin ice shavings of shave ice allow for the flavored syrups to be absorbed completely instead of sinking to the bottom. Hawaiian shave ice is derived from a similar ice-based dessert from Japan called kakigōri and thus involves similar production methods.

Shave ice is characteristically served in a conical paper or plastic cup with flavored syrups poured over the top with additional elements like ice cream, azuki beans, and condensed milk sometimes. Shave ice syrups in Hawaii are often flavored with local ingredients such as guava, pineapple, coconut cream, passionfruit, li hing mui (salty dried Chinese plums), lychee, kiwifruit, and mango.

Many global variants of ice-based desserts that are similar to Hawaiian shave ice can be found in a number of different countries.

Japan
The history of Hawaiian shave ice can be traced back to one particular ice-based dessert that originates from Japan’s Heian period, which spans the 8th century through 12th century, A.D. This dessert is known as kakigōri and was once reserved for the wealthy because of the complex production processes of ice, which was only accessible in the winter and refrigeration relied on natural sources like ice houses.

During the early 1900s of the Meiji period, the development of new technologies allowed ice to be cheaply stored and made, leading for greater consumption among various types of people. Around the same time, sugar plantations prolifically developed across Hawaii and many from Asian countries relocated to the Hawaii islands in hopes of a steady income. The Japanese were among this immigrant population and brought with them their traditional ice-based dessert called kakigōri.

Hawaii
In Hawaiian Pidgin, a native Hawaiian language, kakigōri became known as shave ice. Shave ice was first sold by Japanese immigrants to plantation workers in the early 1900s and became a regular product in many Japanese owned grocery stores by the 1950s. The rise of shave ice coincided with increasing significance of ice in Hawaiian history as shown in trade agreements between the United States and the Territory of Hawaii where numerous references are made to this important commodity. Because ice signified status and provided comfort to settlers on the island, it was an essential factor in the U.S. colonization of Hawaii.

Note for Rita/revision to current history section:

Shave ice has its origins in East Asian cultures, as early as the 7th century AD.[4] (Remove this sentence - refers to baobing, not hawaiian shave ice)

Japanese immigrants imported it to America. They brought it along with them when they came to Hawaii to work in sugar plantations. After leaving plantations, they took up new professions. But by then Shave Ice & Snow cones had become immensely popular and part of Hawaiian culture. (Remove whole section because no citations)

Ingredients
Shave ice in its simplest form is composed of thinly shaved ice and syrup served in a cup, paper cone, or bowl. Distinct from a snow cone which uses crushed ice, the ice for shave ice is thinly shaved to create a unique texture that is more powdery and snow-like. The thin ice shavings can absorb syrups better than crushed ice. The ice can be made in house by freezing pure water in containers very slowly over a period of days while constantly agitating the mixture to ensure impurities are not incorporated.

Traditional syrups are made from sugar, flavoring extracts, and additional coloring elements with acid incorporated to enhance preservation. Syrups are often flavored with local ingredients such as banana, pineapple, lilikoi (passionfruit), guava, lychee, kiwifruit, mango, and coconut cream. Bubble gum, vanilla, lemon-lime, green tea, strawberry, cherry, grape, watermelon, coke, root beer, and fruit punch have also been incorporated into syrups for shave ice. New syrup flavors are constantly being developed including more unusual ones such as li hing mui (salty dried Chinese plums), melona, ginger, and pickled mango. These syrups are often quite vibrant with certain colors traditionally representing specific flavors, such as blue for coconut. During the 1950s, these color-flavor associations enabled customers to order syrups by color instead of using their flavors for reference. When many different colors of syrups are combined, it is referred to as “kalakoa” which means calico in Hawaiian.

Additional elements
Additional ingredients that lie underneath the ice flakes are often called “unders” and must be added to the cup, cone, or bowl before shaving the ice on top. Traditional “unders” include sweetened red azuki beans, fresh fruits, and ice cream. Hawaiian shave ice is also often accompanied by toppings such as mochi balls, li hing mui (salty dried Chinese plums) powder, fresh fruits, and ice cream. A “snowcap” specifically refers to topping shave ice with sweetened condensed milk.

Production [Hongyang]
Traditionally, the ice flakes for shave ice are made with tools or machines that are operated manually. In the Hawaiian sugar plantation fields, workers used to shave ice flakes with machetes from large ice blocks, on which they would then pour fruit juice. In modern times, while some still use hand-cranked machines, most ice shave stands use electric block shavers or cube ice shavers. Block shavers require a specific size of ice blocks that can be made by freezing water in specific molds. After the ice block is taken out of the freezer, it needs to be tempered (leaving it out at room temperature for roughly 15 minutes) so that the ice flakes are firm enough to hold the syrup but soft enough to eat with a spoon. The ideal time to shave is when it starts to melt slightly.

A container (cup, cone, bowl) should be placed under the shaving machine to collect the ice flakes, and unders (ingredients for the bottom such as ice cream and azuki beans) should be added before shaving. The ice block will then be carefully inserted into the shave ice machine on top of sharp blades. For some machine models, blades should be adjusted to avoid chunky ice flakes (used in snow cones) and preserve the fluffy texture. The machine can be then activated either by a button or foot pedal. While the machine runs, the person who makes the shave ice would rotate the container and shape the ice flakes with one hand to get the intended size. Once the ice flakes are ready, different kinds of syrup (artificially or naturally flavored) will be added on the surface; some shave ice stands also punch holes with hard sticks in the ice so that the syrup can reach the bottom. The last step is to add toppings (condensed milk, fruit, etc.) for more flavors.

Matsumoto Shave Ice
Matsumoto's Shave Ice is one of the oldest and most well-known shave ice destinations in Hawaii. Like many shave ice places, it first started off as a grocery store in 1951. In 1956, founders Mamoru and Helen Matsumoto purchased their first shave ice machine from Japan. Shave ice sales began to rise in the 1960s with the arrival of Californian surfers; by the 1990s, the family shave ice store garnered the attention of many international visitors. Today, this renowned shop has been featured in news networks all around the world including Food Network and the Travel Channel. Matsumoto's can have wait times of over half an hour, and sell more than 1,000 shave ice treats a day and 326,400 shave ices in a year.

Waiola Shave Ice
Opened in 1940, Waiola Shave Ice is one of the oldest shave ice shops still in existence.

Island Snow
Island Snow is famous for its frequent visits from former U.S. President Barack Obama. The shop has a unique flavor known as the “Snowbama” that consists of Obama’s favorite combination of flavors.

Ice cake
Ice cake was popular in the past on Hawaiian sugar plantation camps. The main difference from shave ice is that the ice for ice cake is not shaved but served directly out of the freezer. Ice cake cubes are made with aluminum ice cube trays filled with a mixture of condensed milk, syrup, and water.

Snowbama
Former President Barack Obama likes to visit “Island Snow” which is a shop that sells Ray-Bans and board shorts but also has shave ice. Based on his preferences, the shop made a flavor for him called “Snowbama” which looks like a rainbow to recognize his work on gay rights. Snowbama contains lemon, lime, cherry, and passion guava flavors.

Global [Rita]
Shave ice variants can be found around the globe with Asia being a particularly popular region.

Japan – Kakigori
Kakigori was first served in the 10th or 11th century and was popularized in the late 1800s. Unflavored ice blocks are shaved by machine then served with syrups. Common toppings include azuki beans, fruits, and condensed milk.

South Korea – Bingsu
Bingsu, also spelled Bingsoo, has a texture similar to Kakigori and is served with lots of toppings on a tall pile of ice shaves. Patbingsu, or bingsu with red bean paste, is one of the most common varieties.

Taiwan/China – Baobing
Originated from China in the 7th century, Baobing is one of the oldest variants of shave ice treats. It is typically served in large portions with a variety of toppings.

Philippines – Halo-halo
Halo-halo is served in a tall glass with ice shavings piled into different layers. Some common toppings include fruit, nata de coco (coconut gel), and ice cream.

Thailand – Namkhaeng sai
Namkhaeng sai is typically served with many different toppings such as sala syrup and coconut milk.

Malaysia – Ais kacang
Ais kacang uses ice shavings made by a machine. It is commonly served with toppings such as syrup, durian, and nuts.

Mexico – Raspado
Raspado is typically made with ice shaves scraped from an ice block by hand. It is served with toppings such as syrup, fruit, and eggnog.

Puerto Rico – Piragua (food)
Piragua uses ice shavings made by hand and is served with syrup.

Notes for refining the list already in the page:

Remove (these are not shave ice varieties):

- Bangladesh (shaved ice)

- Brazil (shaved ice)

- Cambodia (crushed ice rather than shave ice)

- Costa Rica (slush drink)

- Cuba (slush drink)

- Dominican Republic (yogurt dessert)

- El Salvador (snow cone variety rather than shave ice)

- France (this is literally just Hawaiian shave ice)

- Guatemala (snow cone variety rather than shave ice)

- Guyana (snow cone variety rather than shave ice)

- Haiti (crushed ice rather than shave ice)

- Honduras (snow cone variety rather than shave ice)

- India (snow cone variety rather than shave ice)

- Israel (slush drink)

- Italy (sorbet/slush variety rather than shave ice)

- Japan (merged to above)

- Vietnam (crushed ice rather than shave ice)

- Korea (merged to above)

- Mexico (merged to above)

- Nicaragua (redundant)

- Peru (shaved ice variety rather than shave ice)

- Philippines (merged to above)

- Puerto Rico (merged to above)

- Malaysia (merged to above)

- Pakistan (crushed ice rather than shave ice)

- Panama (redundant)

- Suriname (snow cone variety rather than shave ice)

- Taiwan (merged to above)

- Thailand (merged to above)

- English and French Caribbean islands (not shave ice variety)

- United states (not shave ice variety)

- Mauritius (crushed ice rather than shave ice)

- Venezuela (crushed ice rather than shave ice)

Remove the "Gallery" section

See also [Rita]
Other ice desserts:


 * Shaved ice
 * Snow cone
 * Ice cream