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= Dicerandra = Dicerandra (Lamiaceae) is endemic to the southeastern United States. First described by Bentham (1848), Dicerandra is characterized by spurs on the anther sacs. From these spurs, the genus derives its name meaning “two-horned male”. This character is a distinguishing synapomorphy of species in the genus.

Dicerandra comprises 11 species, of which two have varietal designations (Huck 1987, 2010). There are five annual species [D. densiflora, D. fumella, D. linearifolia (composed of var. linearifolia and var. robustior), D. odoratissima, and D. radfordiana] and six perennial species [D. christmanii, D. cornutissima, D. frutescens, D. immaculata (composed of var. immaculata and var. savannarum), D. modesta, and D. thinicola].

The perennial species are restricted to ancient dune ridges in central peninsular Florida and inland Atlantic coastal dunes. Many perennials have very narrow ranges, small population sizes, and have experienced decrease and fragmentation of critical habitat. As a result, all of the perennials except D. thinicola are listed as federally endangered.

Ecology
Dicerandra species are found on well draining sand hill ecosystems typical of the coastal plain of the southeastern U.S. (Huck 1987). The soil consists of deep acidic sand deposits with little to no organic horizon and is low in available nutrients (Huck 1987, Myers and Ewel 1990). Habitat disturbance is critical for persistence of populations. Mechanical disturbance or a recent fire results in a mass increase of individuals at the site (Huck 1987, Menges 1992). Annual species are found in disturbed areas near road cuts, power line rights-of-way, firebreaks, or trails. Sites are typically characterized by having a sparse forb and grass community with little residual water in the soil. Plants can be found within openings in former sandhill or high pine communities but are more common in disturbed areas right outside of dense, closed-canopy, sandhill or high pine communities (Myers and Ewel 1990, FNAI 2010).