User:Aap2424/sandbox

'''Hello!!!!! Welcome to my sandbox. I hope you will enjoy reading it.'''

Lyckander, R. H. (2021). Exploring vocational teacher preparation in Norway: A study of dimensions and differences in vocational teacher learning. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2021.2007985

Befring, E. (2006). Special education in Norway. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 37(2), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/0156655900370205



In the last century, the special legislation became valid to ensure education for those who have disabilities, such as impaired hearing or impaired vision. From 1825, a large number of special schools were established. As the special schools started to be administered by The Act relating to Special Schools, they reached to 50 schools at the most.

From the 1970s, the government legislated the new policy that all children should be educated in local school. Since then, the special education has taken place in mostly ordinary schools. Educational/Psychological Service maintains highly qualified specialists in special education, educational psychologists, social welfare workers, and kindergarten teachers, playing a role of safety net in the society. The Service visits school, provides students with help when needed, and also assists family members.



Norway has adult education, voluntary courses which people take or free time. This course comes from an essential concept in Norwegian education policy, "Lifelong learning." The courses are designed to align with contents at higher education. Another purpose of this style of education is to compensate for inadequate basic education.

Ministry of Education and Research. (2007). Education—from kindergarten to adult education. Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. https://www.european-agency.org/sites/default/files/Gen_Education_in_Norway.pdf



-7 uni

-7 specialized institutions at university level

-24 state university colleges, 2 national institutes of the arts and 2 private university colleges

-31 private institutions with accredited study programmes

Universities: they can offer their own curriculums without external accreditation

University colleges: They have to apply for external accreditation for study programmes at master's and PhD level. (NOKUT) Also, they engage in research and development work.

Institute of the Arts: In Oslo and Bergen. One in Oslo provides dramatic-arts-concentrated curriculum.

The majority of higher educational institutions are run by state. They take responsibility for their own instruction, research, dissemination of knowledge.

NOKUT (The Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education)

-establidhed in 2002

-to assure the external quality of higher education and tertiary vocational education in Norway



From 2002, the Competence Reform guaranteed the right to primary and lower secondary education for the all adults, and people who were born before 1978 gained access to upper secondary education and training if they have not completed. From 2001, adults over 25 can go to universities and university colles based on formal, non-formal, and informal qualifications.