User:Aayyoung

Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is a protein signaling molecule that aids in determining the fate of the three germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, in a developing embryo. Dkk1’s best known function is that of acting as an antagonist of Wnt signaling. The word Dickkopf is German and portrays the meaning of stubborn or pig-headed. This translation is quite fitting since; Dkk1 plays a vital role in heart and brain formation (Lewis, 1791). Through the negative-feedback mechanism with Wnt signals, Dkk1 is able to induce the formation of the forebrain. In a developing embryo lacking Dkk1, malformation of the head would occur (Lewis, 1798). Research has shown that a correct balance between Dkk1 and Wnt signals are required for adequate head development. Specifically it is the N- and C-terminal regions that both greatly contribute to the potency of Dkk1 in inducing the formation of heart tissue (Korol, 131). Without one of the other, defects in heart formation would subside. In addition to, specifically aiding in the formation of the brain and heart, Dkk1 helps in the organization of the early embryo axis (Korol, 131).

Works Cited

Lewis, Samara L, et al. “Dkk1 and Wnt3 interact to control head morphogenesis in the mouse.” Development 135.10 (2008):1791-1801.

Korol, O, et al. “A novel activity of the Dickkopf-1 amino terminal domain promotes axial and heart development independently of canonical Wnt inhibition.” Developmental Biology 324.1 (2008):131-138.