User:Abatcha98

Lake Chad Water resources are fundamental to human health, animals and the natural environment. Water resources include surface water, groundwater, inland water, rivers, lakes, transitional waters, coastal waters and aquifers. Over time, water resources have been degraded and exhausted. In this stud,y the researcher looked at Lake Chad water resources. They arean essential component of the hydrological cycle. Monitoring lake dynamics is necessary to allow sustainable management of water resources. In addition, lake surface areas, especially closed lakes, are known for their sensitivity to natural changes and thus may serve as important proxies for regional environmental and global climate fluctuations. Goerner et al. pointed out that surface pressure, wind-driven events such as seiches and tides, alternating water temperature or composition, and modifications of water circulation processes can all influence lacustrine water depth. Detecting and characterizing changes over time is the natural first step toward identifying the driver of the change and understanding the change mechanism. Changes in lake level or relative water depth are both functions of Lake Surface and volume. It is important to understand lake water surface and storage changes to be able to assess the influence of climate variation or human activities on water resources. Precise and up to date information on the status and trends of lake surface dynamics is needed to enable the development of effective strategies for sustainable management of lakes and the assessment of environmental change. Water managers cannot manage what they do not know. Therefore, a necessity for accurate spatial and temporal information on water resources continuously is evident for enhanced management. Accurate water surface quantification and mapping demand correct explanation and estimation of the spatial and temporal dissemination of the water resource. Traditional in situ data measurement methods that produce representative spatial and temporal information on water resources are costly. Remote sensing is the most economical technique for the monitoring of lake dynamics. Remote sensing has been used in various studies to monitor and analyze lacustrine water dynamics. We use remote sensing to quantify the variation in Lake Chad surface water areal extent for three decades (1986, 1999 and 2003). Water extraction from remote sensing images can be divided into single-band and multi-band techniques. Normally, for the single-band method, a threshold for the band is applied to differentiate water information from land information. This technique has the disadvantage that water surface may be over or underestimated, and/or may be mixed with shadow noise due to the intuitive selection of the threshold. The multiband technique has the advantage of using distinctive reflective capabilities of water surfaces in various bands. A number of multiband water indices have been developed and employed recently in the field. These make use of either the water indices threshold segmentation approach or the step-wise iterative transformation mechanism. Over the past two decades, satellite remote sensing has shown promising results in the estimation of water resource storage in large reservoirs and lakes. However, the purpose of this study is to show the potential of remote sensing techniques in the assessment of water resources surface dynamics (the case of smaller lakes and reservoirs). To support sustainable management and conservation of the water resources in semi-arid environment and areas in needy like Africa where a large number of people depend on smaller lakes or reservoirs for water resources. The study modelled the water cycle regime of Lake Chad in order to contribute toward sustainable environmental management. The researcher mapped, analyzed and quantified the historical monthly surface water variation, as well as its hydrologic cycle for 1986, 1999 and 2006 as compared to the lake water level/surface variation.