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Chapter one

background of study

Alzheimer’s disease was discovered in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, a German neurologist and psychiatrist2. The disease was initially observed in a 51-year-old woman named Auguste D. Her family brought her to Dr. Alzheimer in 1901 after noticing changes in her personality and behavior. The family reported problems with memory, difficulty speaking, and impaired comprehension. Dr. Alzheimer later described Auguste as having an aggressive form of dementia, manifesting in memory, language and behavioral deficits3. Dr. Alzheimer noted many abnormal symptoms, including difficulty with speech, agitation, and confusion4. He followed her care for five years,until her death in 1906.

Following her death, Dr. Alzheimer performed an autopsy, during which he found dramatic shrinkage of the cerebral cortex, fatty deposits in blood vessels, and atrophied brain cells2. He discovered neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaque which have become indicative of AD4. The condition was first discussed in medical literature in 1907 and named after Alzheimer in 1910.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a degenerative disorder of the brain that leads to memory loss. AD affects 5.3 million in africa and is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. There are two main forms of the disease. Familial AD affects people younger than 65, accounting for nearly 900,000 AD cases in the world.

The remainder of AD cases occur in adults aged 65 and older and is classified as sporadic AD. The prevalence of AD varies among many different factors, including age, co-morbidities, genetics, and education level. There is no way to definitively diagnose AD without performing an autopsy. There is no cure for AD, however promising research and development for early detection and treatment is under way. in our country Alzheimer disease is more prevalent due to lack of enough knowledge in the population, effect of poisonous that berried in our country.