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PakistanFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search This article is about the nation of Pakistan. For other uses, see Pakistan (disambiguation) and Pakistani (disambiguation). Islamic Republic of Pakistan اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان Islāmī Jumhūrī-ye Pākistān Flag State Emblem Motto: Unity, Discipline, Faith (Urdu: اتحاد، تنظيم، يقين مُحکم) Ittehad, Tanzeem, Yaqeen-e-Muhkam Anthem: Qaumī Tarāna

Capital Islamabad 33°40′N 73°10′E﻿ / ﻿33.667°N 73.167°E﻿ / 33.667; 73.167 Largest city Karachi Official language(s) Urdu (national) English Recognised regional languages Balochi, Pashto, Punjabi, Saraiki, Sindhi[1] Demonym Pakistani Government Federal Parliamentary republic - Founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah - President Asif Zardari (PPP) - Prime Minister Yousaf Gillani (PPP) - Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry - Chair of Senate Farooq Naek (PPP) Legislature Majlis-e-Shoora - Upper House Senate - Lower House National Assembly Formation - Pakistan Declaration 28 January 1933 - Pakistan Resolution 23 March 1940 - Independence from the United Kingdom - Declared 14 August 1947 - Islamic Republic 23 March 1956 Area - Total 796,095 km2 (36th) 307,374 sq mi  -  Water (%) 3.1 Population - 2011 estimate 170.6 million[2] (6th) - 1998 census 132,352,279[3] - Density 214.3/km2 (55th) 555/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2010 estimate - Total $464.897 billion[4] - Per capita $2,791[4] GDP (nominal) 2010 estimate - Total $174.866 billion[4] - Per capita $1,049[4] Gini (2005) 31.2 (medium) HDI (2010) 0.490[5] (medium) (125th) Currency Pakistani Rupee (Rs.) (PKR) Time zone PST (UTC+5) - Summer (DST) PDT (UTC+6) Drives on the left[6] ISO 3166 code PK Internet TLD .pk Calling code 92

Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکِستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکِستان) is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast.[7] Tajikistan also lies very close to Pakistan but is separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Strategically, Pakistan is located in a position between the important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the greater Middle East.[8]

The region forming modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures including the neolithic Mehrgarh and the bronze era Indus Valley Civilisation. Subsequently it was the recipient of Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, and Sikh cultures through several invasions and/or settlements. As a result the area has remained a part of numerous empires and dynasties including the Indian empires, Persian empires, Arab caliphates, Mongol, Mughal, Sikh and British Empire. Pakistan gained independence from the British Empire in 1947 after a struggle for independence, led by Mohammad Ali Jinnah, that sought the partition of India and the creation of an independent state for the Muslim majority populations of the eastern and western regions of British India.[9] With the adoption of its constitution in 1956, Pakistan became an Islamic republic.[10] In 1971, an armed conflict in East Pakistan resulted in the creation of Bangladesh.[11]

Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic consisting of four provinces and four federal territories. With over 170 million people, it is the sixth most populous country in the world[2] and has the second largest Muslim population after Indonesia.[12] It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country with a similar variation in its geography and wildlife. With a semi-industrialized economy, it is the 27th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power. Since gaining independence, Pakistan's history has been characterised by periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with neighbouring India. The country faces challenging problems including terrorism, poverty, illiteracy and corruption.

Pakistan has the eighth largest standing armed force and is the only Muslim-majority nation to possess nuclear weapons. It is designated as a major non-NATO ally of the United States and a strategic ally of China.[13][14] It is a founding member of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation)[15] and a member of the United Nations,[16] Commonwealth of Nations,[17] Next Eleven economies and the G20 developing nations ح