User:AbigailG23/sandbox

This is the sandbox where I will track the progress of my wiki assignment.

What I added to the article (including 10 sources):
This is also applicable to reading non-words such as music. Even though music is not a language, it is still written and people to comprehend its meaning which involves perception and attention, allowing change detection to be present.

Visual change detection
Visual change detection is one's ability to detect differences between two or more images or scenes. This is essential in many everyday tasks. One example is detecting changes on the road to drive safely and successfully. Change detection is crucial in operating motor vehicles to detect other vehicles, traffic control signals, pedestrians, and more. Another example of utilizing visual change detection is facial recognition. When noticing one's appearance, change detection is vital, as faces are "dynamic" and can change in appearance due to different factors such as "lighting conditions, facial expressions, aging, and occlusion". Change detection algorithms use various techniques, such as "feature tracking, alignment, and normalization," to capture and compare different facial features and patterns across individuals in order to correctly identify people. Visual change detection involves the integration of "multiple sensors inputs, cognitive processes, and attentional mechanisms," often focusing on multiple stimuli at once. The brain processes visual information from the eyes, compares it with previous knowledge stored in memory, and identifies differences between the two stimuli. This process occurs rapidly and unconsciously, allowing individuals to respond to changing environments and make necessary adjustments to their behavior.

Cognitive change detection
There have been several studies conducted to analyze the cognitive functions of change detection. With cognitive change detection, researchers have found that most people overestimate their change detection, when in reality, they are more susceptible to change blindness than they think. Cognitive change detection has many complexities based on external factors, and sensory pathways play a key role in determining one's success in detecting changes. One study proposes and proves that the multi-sensory pathway network, which consists of three sensory pathways, significantly increases the effectiveness of change detection. Sensory pathway one fuses the stimuli together, sensory pathway two involves using the middle concatenation strategy to learn the changed behavior, and sensory pathway three involves using the middle difference strategy to learn the changed behavior. With all three of these working together, change detection has a significantly increased success rate. It was previously believed that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) played a role in enhancing change detection due to its focus on "sensory and task-related activity". However, studies have also disproven that the PPC is necessary for change detection; although these have high functional correlation with each other, the PPC's mechanistic involvement in change detection is insignificant. Moreover, top-down processing plays an important role in change detection because it enables people to resort to background knowledge which then influences perception, which is also common in children. Researchers have conducted a longitudinal study surrounding children's development and the change detection throughout infancy to adulthood. In this, it was found that change detection is stronger in young infants compared to older children, with top-down processing being a main contributor to this outcome.

Option 1

 * Article title
 * Change blindness


 * Article Evaluation
 * The article's lead section is too short to adequately summarize it. The practical implications listed are lacking. Everything is not clear and easy to understand for the readers. It is ranked C-class on the quality scale. There is repetition of certain content.


 * Sources
 * Swan, G., Xu, J., Baliutaviciute, V., & Bowers, A. (2022). Change blindness in simulated driving in individuals with homonymous visual field loss. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 7. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1186/s41235-022-00394-6
 * Pastukhov, A., & Carbon, C.-C. (2021). Clever cats: Do they utilize change blindness as a covered approaching strategy? I-Perception, 12(1). https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/2041669521994597
 * Xiang, W. (2021). Implicit detection observation in different features, exposure duration, and delay during change blindness. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607863
 * Xiang, W. (2021). Implicit detection observation in different features, exposure duration, and delay during change blindness. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607863
 * Xiang, W. (2021). Implicit detection observation in different features, exposure duration, and delay during change blindness. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607863

Option 2 THIS IS THE ARTICLE I'M DOING THIS ASSIGNMENT ON

 * Article title
 * Change detection


 * Article Evaluation
 * There is insufficient inline citations. The practical implications listed are lacking. The article is start-class-quality right now. There is also incomplete concepts and explanations throughout the article.


 * Sources
 * Deguire, F., López-Arango, G., Knoth, I. S., Côté, V., Agbogba, K., & Lippé, S. (2022). Developmental course of the repetition effect and change detection responses from infancy through childhood: A longitudinal study. Cerebral Cortex, 32(23), 5467–5477. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac027
 * Ramey, M. M., Henderson, J. M., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2022). Eye movements dissociate between perceiving, sensing, and unconscious change detection in scenes. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 29(6), 2122–2132. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02122-z
 * Liu, K., & Li, X. (2022). Bio-inspired multi-sensory pathway network for change detection. Cognitive Computation, 14(4), 1421–1434. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s12559-021-09968-w
 * Williams, J. R., Robinson, M. M., Schurgin, M. W., Wixted, J. T., & Brady, T. F. (2022). You cannot “count” how many items people remember in visual working memory: The importance of signal detection–based measures for understanding change detection performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 48(12), 1390–1409. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1037/xhp0001055
 * Kleinsmith, A. L. (2023). Expertise effects on visual change detection in the music reading domain: Evidence from eye movements [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (Vol. 84, Issue 3–B).
 * Barnas, A. J., & Ward, E. J. (2022). Metacognitive judgements of change detection predict change blindness. Cognition, 227, 1–13. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105208
 * Morgenstern, T., Trommler, D., Naujoks, F., Karl, I., Krems, J. F., & Keinath, A. (2023). Comparing the sensitivity of the box task combined with the detection response task to the lane change test. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 93, 159–171. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.01.004
 * He, C., Rathbun, Z., Buonauro, D., Meyerhoff, H. S., Franconeri, S. L., Stieff, M., & Hegarty, M. (2022). Symmetry and spatial ability enhance change detection in visuospatial structures. Memory & Cognition, 50(6), 1186–1200. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13421-022-01332-z
 * Oude Lohuis, M. N., Marchesi, P., Pennartz, C. M. A., & Olcese, U. (2022). Functional (ir)relevance of posterior parietal cortex during audiovisual change detection. The Journal of Neuroscience, 42(26), 5229–5245. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2150-21.2022
 * Ventura, P., Guerreiro, J. C., Pereira, A., Delgado, J., Rosário, V., Farinha-Fernandes, A., Domingues, M., Cruz, F., Faustino, B., & Wong, A. C.-N. (2022). Change detection vs change localization for own-race and other-race faces. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 84(3), 627–637. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02448-9
 * Barnas, A. J., & Ward, E. J. (2022). Metacognitive judgements of change detection predict change blindness. Cognition, 227, 1–13. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105208
 * Morgenstern, T., Trommler, D., Naujoks, F., Karl, I., Krems, J. F., & Keinath, A. (2023). Comparing the sensitivity of the box task combined with the detection response task to the lane change test. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 93, 159–171. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.01.004
 * He, C., Rathbun, Z., Buonauro, D., Meyerhoff, H. S., Franconeri, S. L., Stieff, M., & Hegarty, M. (2022). Symmetry and spatial ability enhance change detection in visuospatial structures. Memory & Cognition, 50(6), 1186–1200. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13421-022-01332-z
 * Oude Lohuis, M. N., Marchesi, P., Pennartz, C. M. A., & Olcese, U. (2022). Functional (ir)relevance of posterior parietal cortex during audiovisual change detection. The Journal of Neuroscience, 42(26), 5229–5245. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2150-21.2022
 * Ventura, P., Guerreiro, J. C., Pereira, A., Delgado, J., Rosário, V., Farinha-Fernandes, A., Domingues, M., Cruz, F., Faustino, B., & Wong, A. C.-N. (2022). Change detection vs change localization for own-race and other-race faces. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 84(3), 627–637. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02448-9
 * Oude Lohuis, M. N., Marchesi, P., Pennartz, C. M. A., & Olcese, U. (2022). Functional (ir)relevance of posterior parietal cortex during audiovisual change detection. The Journal of Neuroscience, 42(26), 5229–5245. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2150-21.2022
 * Ventura, P., Guerreiro, J. C., Pereira, A., Delgado, J., Rosário, V., Farinha-Fernandes, A., Domingues, M., Cruz, F., Faustino, B., & Wong, A. C.-N. (2022). Change detection vs change localization for own-race and other-race faces. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 84(3), 627–637. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02448-9
 * Ventura, P., Guerreiro, J. C., Pereira, A., Delgado, J., Rosário, V., Farinha-Fernandes, A., Domingues, M., Cruz, F., Faustino, B., & Wong, A. C.-N. (2022). Change detection vs change localization for own-race and other-race faces. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 84(3), 627–637. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02448-9
 * Ventura, P., Guerreiro, J. C., Pereira, A., Delgado, J., Rosário, V., Farinha-Fernandes, A., Domingues, M., Cruz, F., Faustino, B., & Wong, A. C.-N. (2022). Change detection vs change localization for own-race and other-race faces. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 84(3), 627–637. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02448-9

Option 3

 * Article title
 * Detection theory


 * Article Evaluation
 * The article isn't easy to read or concise. There is a lot of mathematical equations and analysis involved, but there isn't clear explanation discussed. In the talk page, it is discussed that the lead is "too technical" and "convoluted."


 * Sources
 * Román, C. A. F., DeLuca, J., Yao, B., Genova, H. M., & Wylie, G. R. (2022). Signal detection theory as a novel tool to understand cognitive fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 16. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.828566
 * Roediger, H. L., & Tekin, E. (2022). Can signal detection theory explain everyday amnesia (high confident misses)? Neuropsychologia, 166. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108115
 * Brandner, J. L. (2022). She wants me, she wants me not: Integration of signal detection theory and error management theory to study sexual communication [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (Vol. 83, Issue 12–B).
 * Brandner, J. L. (2022). She wants me, she wants me not: Integration of signal detection theory and error management theory to study sexual communication [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (Vol. 83, Issue 12–B).
 * Brandner, J. L. (2022). She wants me, she wants me not: Integration of signal detection theory and error management theory to study sexual communication [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (Vol. 83, Issue 12–B).

Option 4

 * Article title
 * Flicker fusion threshold


 * Article Evaluation
 * There are inline citations needed for a couple claims and irrelevant citations present. The article is start-class-quality right now. Overall, it is in need of more information and clarity.


 * Sources
 * Abiyev, A., Yakaryılmaz, F. D., & Öztürk, Z. A. (2022). A new diagnostic approach in Alzheimer’s disease: The critical flicker fusion threshold. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 16(1), 89–96. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2021-0054
 * Zhou, T., Náñez, J. E., Sr., Zimmerman, D., Holloway, S. R., & Seitz, A. (2016). Two visual training paradigms associated with enhanced critical flicker fusion threshold. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01597
 * Truszczyński, O., Wojtkowiak, M., Biernacki, M., & Kowalczuk, K. (2009). The effect of hypoxia on the critical flicker fusion threshold in pilots. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 22(1), 13–18. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.2478/v10001-009-0002-y
 * Truszczyński, O., Wojtkowiak, M., Biernacki, M., & Kowalczuk, K. (2009). The effect of hypoxia on the critical flicker fusion threshold in pilots. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 22(1), 13–18. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.2478/v10001-009-0002-y
 * Truszczyński, O., Wojtkowiak, M., Biernacki, M., & Kowalczuk, K. (2009). The effect of hypoxia on the critical flicker fusion threshold in pilots. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 22(1), 13–18. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.2478/v10001-009-0002-y

Option 5

 * Article title
 * Precision and recall


 * Article Evaluation
 * The article was rated C-class on the quality scale. It is not concise and there is a lot of irrelevant information included throughout the article.


 * Sources
 * Williams, C. K. I. (2021). The effect of class imbalance on precision-recall curves. Neural Computation, 33(4), 853–857. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1162/neco_a_01362
 * Miller, T. (2008). Dynamic generation of a health topics overview from consumer health information documents and its effect on user understanding, memory, and recall [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences (Vol. 69, Issue 6–A, p. 2025).
 * Makovoz, G. (2010). Latent semantic analysis as a method of content-based image retrieval in medical applications [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (Vol. 71, Issue 4–B, p. 2497).
 * Makovoz, G. (2010). Latent semantic analysis as a method of content-based image retrieval in medical applications [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (Vol. 71, Issue 4–B, p. 2497).
 * Makovoz, G. (2010). Latent semantic analysis as a method of content-based image retrieval in medical applications [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (Vol. 71, Issue 4–B, p. 2497).

Bibliography:
Deguire, F., López-Arango, G., Knoth, I. S., Côté, V., Agbogba, K., & Lippé, S. (2022). Developmental course of the repetition effect and change detection responses from infancy through childhood: A longitudinal study. Cerebral Cortex, 32(23), 5467–5477. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac027

!!!- (Cognitive) This is a peer-reviewed longitudinal study which will be a very useful addition to the article, and it is very reliable. It also focuses on infancy to adolescence which is very useful in understanding how people develop and react to change detection from birth throughout development.

Ramey, M. M., Henderson, J. M., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2022). Eye movements dissociate between perceiving, sensing, and unconscious change detection in scenes. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 29(6), 2122–2132. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13423-022-02122-z

!!! - (Visual) This is a peer-reviewed journal article that focuses solely on change detection, so it will be very useful to incorporate into the article. Also, it is reliable.

Liu, K., & Li, X. (2022). Bio-inspired multi-sensory pathway network for change detection. Cognitive Computation, 14(4), 1421–1434. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s12559-021-09968-w

!!! - (Cognitive) This is a peer-reviewed study that analyzes multi-sensory pathway networks and goes into depth about change detection on a biological level. It is very reliable.

Williams, J. R., Robinson, M. M., Schurgin, M. W., Wixted, J. T., & Brady, T. F. (2022). You cannot “count” how many items people remember in visual working memory: The importance of signal detection–based measures for understanding change detection performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 48(12), 1390–1409. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1037/xhp0001055

!!! - (Visual) This is an empirical quantitative study and will make great reliable contributions to my edits.

Kleinsmith, A. L. (2023). Expertise effects on visual change detection in the music reading domain: Evidence from eye movements [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (Vol. 84, Issue 3–B).

!!! - (Visual) This is an empirical quantitative study focusing on the specific task of reading music and how change detection works in situations like these. This is useful because when incorporated in the article, it can be applied to everyday life tasks. This is a reliable source.

Barnas, A. J., & Ward, E. J. (2022). Metacognitive judgements of change detection predict change blindness. Cognition, 227, 1–13. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105208

!!! - (Cognitive) This is an empirical quantitative study that focuses on change blindness in people of all ages (from infants to elders) and it discusses how cognitive development and declines affect change detection. This is a reliable source.

Morgenstern, T., Trommler, D., Naujoks, F., Karl, I., Krems, J. F., & Keinath, A. (2023). Comparing the sensitivity of the box task combined with the detection response task to the lane change test. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 93, 159–171. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.01.004

!!!- (Spatial) This is an empirical quantitative study that conducts tests to see change detection take place while driving. This will help people relate to change detection and understand how it plays a significant role in their lives. This is a reliable source.

He, C., Rathbun, Z., Buonauro, D., Meyerhoff, H. S., Franconeri, S. L., Stieff, M., & Hegarty, M. (2022). Symmetry and spatial ability enhance change detection in visuospatial structures. Memory & Cognition, 50(6), 1186–1200. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13421-022-01332-z

!!! - (Spatial) This is a peer-reviewed journal article that goes into depth about change detection when it comes to spacial awareness and symmetry. This is a reliable source.

Oude Lohuis, M. N., Marchesi, P., Pennartz, C. M. A., & Olcese, U. (2022). Functional (ir)relevance of posterior parietal cortex during audiovisual change detection. The Journal of Neuroscience, 42(26), 5229–5245. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2150-21.2022

!!!- (Cognitive) This is a peer-reviewed journal article that elaborates on brain function during change detection. This is a reliable source.

Ventura, P., Guerreiro, J. C., Pereira, A., Delgado, J., Rosário, V., Farinha-Fernandes, A., Domingues, M., Cruz, F., Faustino, B., & Wong, A. C.-N. (2022). Change detection vs change localization for own-race and other-race faces. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 84(3), 627–637. https://doi-org.csulb.idm.oclc.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02448-9

!!! - (Visual) This is a peer-reviewed journal article that differentiates between change detection and change localization and provides clarity of what change detection actually is while applying it to everyday life of facial recognition. This is a reliable source.