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The dodo (Raphus cucullatus) is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. The dodo's closest genetic relative was the also-extinct Rodrigues solitaire, the two forming the subfamily Raphinae of the family of pigeons and doves. The closest living relative of the dodo is the Nicobar pigeon. A white dodo was once thought to have existed on the nearby island of Réunion, but this is now thought to have been confusion based on the Réunion ibis and paintings of white dodos.

Subfossil remains show the dodo was about 1 m tall and may have weighed 10.6 - 17.5 kg in the wild. The dodo's appearance in life is evidenced only by drawings, paintings, and written accounts from the 17th century. As these vary considerably, and only some of the illustrations are known to have been drawn from live specimens, its exact appearance in life remains unresolved, and little is known about its behaviour. Though the dodo has historically been considered fat and clumsy, it is now thought to have been well-adapted for its ecosystem. It has been depicted with brownish-grey plumage, yellow feet, a tuft of tail feathers, a grey, naked head, and a black, yellow, and green beak. It used gizzard stones to help digest its food, which is thought to have included fruits, and its main habitat is believed to have been the woods in the drier coastal areas of Mauritius. One account states its clutch consisted of a single egg. It is presumed that the dodo became flightless because of the ready availability of abundant food sources and a relative absence of predators on Mauritius.

The first recorded mention of the dodo was by Dutch sailors in 1598. In the following years, the bird was hunted by sailors and invasive species, while its habitat was being destroyed. The last widely accepted sighting of a dodo was in 1662. Its extinction was not immediately noticed, and some considered it to be a mythical creature. In the 19th century, research was conducted on a small quantity of remains of four specimens that had been brought to Europe in the early 17th century. Among these is a dried head, the only soft tissue of the dodo that remains today. Since then, a large amount of subfossil material has been collected on Mauritius, mostly from the Mare aux Songes swamp. The extinction of the dodo within less than a century of its discovery called attention to the previously unrecognised problem of human involvement in the disappearance of entire species. The dodo achieved widespread recognition from its role in the story of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, and it has since become a fixture in popular culture, often as a symbol of extinction and obsolescence.

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Region	Area	ORL Name		OTL Population Europe France Mainland	82,400,000	64,444,800 Belgium	12,450,000 Zeeland	380,000	380,000 North Brabant	2,415,000	2,415,000 Limburg	1,131,000	1,131,000 Luxembourg	590,000	590,000 North Rhineland	3,140,667	9,422,000	1/2 -- 1/4	3140666.667 Palatinate	3,160,560	4,052,000	3/4? 3160560		Saarland	996,000	996,000 Romandy	1,900,000	1,900,000 Aosta	126,000	126,000 Piedmont	4,392,000	4,392,000 West Liguria	280,000	280,000 Barcelona	5,540,000	5,540,000 Girona	739,000	739,000 Balearic Islands	1,107,000	1,107,000 Africa Al Rif	6,214,500	8,286,000	6214500 Oran	2,298,000	3,064,000	2298000 Caribean Martinique	385,551	385,551 Guadeloupe	402,000	402,000 Dominica	73,500	73,500 Guianas Guyane	281,000	281,000 Suriname	558,000	558,000 Guyana	773,000	773,000 Venezuela	23,676,000	31,568,000	23676000 La Guajira	902,000	902,000 Trinidad	1,267,000	1,267,000 ABC Islands	275,000	275,000 Atlantic Azores	245,000 Sao Tome	171,000 Annobon	5,000 St Helena	4,500 Ascension	800 Asia Hainan	11,000,000	9,700,000 Paracel	500	1,000 Spratly	0 Natuna	83,000 Oceania Polynesia	275,000 Indian Mauritius + Reunion+Chagas	2,127,000	2,127,000 Seychelles	94,000 Southern Islands	0

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