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Lōihi Seamount is an active submarine volcano located around 35 km off the southeast coast of the island of Hawaii about 975 m below sea level. This seamount lies on the flank of Mauna Loa, the largest shield volcano on Earth. Lōihi meaning "long" in Hawaiian, is the newest volcano in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, a string of volcanoes that stretches over 5800 km northwest of Lōihi. Unlike most active volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean that make up the active plate margins on the Pacific Ring of Fire, Lōihi and the other volcanoes of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain are hotspot volcanoes and formed well away from the nearest plate boundary. Volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands arise from the Hawaii hotspot, and as the youngest volcano in the chain, Lōihi is the only Hawaiian volcano in the deep submarine preshield stage of development.

Lōihi began forming around 400,000 years ago and is expected to begin emerging above sea level about 10,000–100,000 years from now. At its summit, Lōihi Seamount stands more than 3000 m above the seafloor, making it taller than Mount St. Helens was before its catastrophic 1980 eruption. The summit is currently 975 m below sea level. A diverse microbial community resides around Lōihi's many hydrothermal vents. (see more...)