User:Acags97/New sandbox

Control theories Another approach is made by the social bond or social control theory. Instead of looking for factors that make people become criminal, these theories try to explain why people do not become criminal. Travis Hirschi identified four main characteristics: "attachment to others", "belief in moral validity of rules", "commitment to achievement", and "involvement in conventional activities". The more a person features those characteristics, the less likely he or she is to become deviant (or criminal). On the other hand, if these factors are not present, a person is more likely to become a criminal. Hirschi expanded on this theory with the idea that a person with low self control is more likely to become criminal. As opposed to most criminology theories, these do not look at why people commit crime but rather why they do not commit crime.

A simple example: Someone wants a big yacht but does not have the means to buy one. If the person cannot exert self-control, he or she might try to get the yacht (or the means for it) in an illegal way, whereas someone with high self-control will (more likely) either wait, deny themselves of what want or seek an intelligent intermediate solution, such as joining a yacht club to use a yacht by group consolidation of resources without violating social norms.

Social bonds, through peers, parents, and others can have a countering effect on one's low self-control. For families of low socio-economic status, a factor that distinguishes families with delinquent children, from those who are not delinquent, is the control exerted by parents or chaperonage. In addition, theorists such as David Matza and Gresham Sykes argued that criminals are able to temporarily neutralize internal moral and social behavioral constraints through techniques of neutralization.


 * 1) Religion and Delinquency
 * 2) Hirschi and Stark stated no relationship between religion and delinquency
 * 3) "Another Look": Strong, negative relationship between religion and deliquency
 * 4) Reduced delinquency, but still being okay with alcohol and marijuana use
 * 5) "Religiosity and Inclination to Cheat": religion affects delinquency related to property crimes, but not alcohol and drugs
 * 6) Meta-Analysis 2015: 62 studies over 40 years, found negative relation between delinquency and religion
 * 7) "Revisited": Negative relationship between church attendance and delinquent behavior, and positive relationship between church attendance and respect for juvenile court system