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In 1960, David Berlo expanded the linear transmission model with the sender-message-channel-receiver (SMCR) model of communication. Later, Wilbur Schramm introduced a model that identified multiple variables in communication which includes the transmitter, encoding, media, decoding, and receiver.

David Berlo's SMCR model stands for Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver where the sender is one who sends the message, the receiver receives the message, which is transmitted through the channel where disturbances might occur.

The components of Berlo’s SMCR Model consist of the following: communication skills, attitude, knowledge, and social systems. In this model, the use of communication skills is applied to his theory for the source to communicate effectively he/she needs to have good communication skills. Communication skills should include listening, speaking, reading, and writing. It is important to know how to effectively communicate to apply this model. The use of attitude is put in place so that the source has the attitude to communicate effectively. The use of knowledge is important to know what is trying to be communicated so that the source knows to be knowledgeable about the information that it wants to send. Lastly, social systems are put in place so that communication takes place in a society where there are different people with different beliefs and values. The source needs to be aware of the culture, religion, beliefs, and values of the receiver.

An SMCR model can be applied in many different fields. A recent study discovered the correlation between English and Chinese students and their effective use of the English language. By using the SMCR model, aims to explore problems faced by English teachers in ‘role’ transformation from the traditional classroom to the flipped classroom, propose how they should transform their roles to improve the teaching quality and discuss this impact on traditional English classroom. This is an effective way that Berlo’s SMCR model can be applied to a real-world scenario in communication studies.