User:Acheermann/sandbox

Internet trolls intentionally try to provoke or offend others in order to elicit a reaction. Trolls and cyberbullies do not always have the same goals: while some trolls engage in cyberbullying, others may be engaged in comparatively harmless mischief. A troll may be disruptive either for their own amusement or because they are genuinely a combative person.

Where cyberbullying is occurring

Manuals intended to educate the public about cyberbullying summarize that cyberbullying is inclusive of acts of intended cruelty to others in the form of posting or sending material using an internet capable device. [151]

Research, legislation and education in the field are ongoing. Research has identified basic definitions and guidelines to help recognize and cope with what is regarded as abuse of electronic communications. [147].  [ citation needed]


 * Cyberbullying involves repeated behavior with intent to harm.
 * Cyberbullying is perpetrated through harassment, cyberstalking, denigration (sending or posting cruel rumors and falsehoods to damage reputation and friendships), impersonation, and exclusion (intentionally and cruelly excluding someone from an online group)

Cyberbullying can be as simple as continuing to send emails or text messages harassing someone who has said they want no further contact with the sender. It may also include public actions such as repeated threats, sexual remarks, pejorative labels (i.e. hate speech) or defamatory false accusations, ganging up on a victim by making the person the subject of ridicule in online forums, hacking into or vandalizing sites about a person, and posting false statements as fact aimed a discrediting or humiliating a targeted person.Cyberbullying could be limited to posting rumors about a person on the internet with the intention of bringing about hatred in others' minds or convincing others to dislike or participate in online denigration of a target. It may go to the extent of personally identifying victims of crime and publishing materials defaming or humiliating them.

Cyberbullies may disclose victims' personal data (e.g. real name, home address, or workplace/schools)[148] on websites or forums—called doxing, or may use impersonation, creating fake accounts, comments or sites posing as their target for the purpose of publishing material in their name that defames, discredits or ridicules them. This can leave the cyberbully anonymous, which can make it difficult for them to be caught or punished for their behavior, although not all cyberbullies maintain their anonymity. Users of semi-anonymous chat websites are at a particular high risk for cyberbullying, as it is also easy in this outlet for a cyberbully to remain anonymous. [149] Text or instant messages and emails between friends can also constitute cyberbullying if what is said is hurtful.

The recent rise of smartphones and mobile apps have yielded a more accessible form of cyberbullying. It is expected that cyberbullying via these platforms will occur more often than through more stationary internet platforms. In addition, the combination of cameras and Internet access and the instant availability of these modern smartphone technologies yield specific types of cyberbullying not found in other platforms. It is likely that those cyberbullied via mobile devices will experience a wider range of types cyberbullying than those who are exclusively bullied elsewhere.

Some teens argue that some events categorized as cyberbullying are simply drama. Danah Boyd writes, "teens regularly used that word [drama] to describe various forms of interpersonal conflict that ranged from insignificant joking around to serious jealousy-driven relational aggression. Whereas adults might have labeled many of these practices as bullying, teens saw them as drama."

Cyberbullying can take place on social media sites such as Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter. "By 2008, 93% of young people between the ages of 12 and 17 were online. In fact, youth spend more time with media than any single other activity besides sleeping." The last decade has witnessed a surge of cyberbullying, bullying that occurs through the use of electronic communication technologies, such as e-mail, instant messaging, social media, online gaming, or through digital messages or images sent to a cellular phone.

There are many risks attached to social media sites, and cyberbullying is one of the larger risks. [150] One million children were harassed, threatened or subjected to other forms of cyberbullying on Facebook during the past year,[ when?] while 90 percent of social-media-using teens who have witnessed online cruelty say they have ignored mean behavior on social media, and 35 percent have done so frequently. 95 percent of social-media-using teens who have witnessed cruel behavior on social networking sites say they have seen others ignoring the mean behavior, and 55 percent have witnessed this frequently. Terms such as "Facebook depression" have been coined specifically in regard to the result of extended social media use, with cyberbullying playing a large part in this [151].

The reluctance youth have in telling an authority figure about instances of cyberbullying has led to fatal outcomes. At least three children between the ages of 12 and 13 have committed suicide due to depression brought on by cyberbullying, according to reports by USA Today and the Baltimore Examiner. These include the suicide of Ryan Halligan and the suicide of Megan Meier, the latter of which resulted in United States v. Lori Drew. Teen suicides tied to cyberbullying have recently become more prevalent. Rebecca Ann Sedwick committed suicide after being terrorized through mobile applications such as Ask.fm, Kik Messenger and Voxer.

147: Willard, Nancy. (2007). Cyberbullying and Cyberthreats Effectively Managing Internet Use Risks in Schools. Center for Safe and Responsible Use of the Internet. Retrieved from https://www.cforks.org/Downloads/cyber_bullying.pdf

148: Chen, M. ( 1 ), Chan, K. L. ( 1 ), & Cheung, A. S. Y. ( 2 ). (2019). Doxing: What adolescents look for and their intentions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020218

149: Towards understanding cyberbullying behavior in a semi-anonymous social network. (2014). 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2014), Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM), 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference On, 244. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASONAM.2014.6921591

150: Byrne, E., Vessey, J. A., & Pfeifer, L. (2018). Cyberbullying and Social Media: Information and Interventions for School Nurses Working With Victims, Students, and Families. Journal of School Nursing, 34(1), 38–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840517740191 151: Guinta, M. R. (2018). Social Media and Adolescent Health. Pediatric Nursing, 44(4), 196–201. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=131366570&site=eds-live&scope=site