User:Acjones7/sandbox

Pueblo Revolt Article

Fact to Check: "All crosses, churches, and Christian images were to be destroyed."

Reviewed Source Citation:

Liebmann, Matthew, et al. “Pueblo Settlement, Architecture, and Social Change in the Pueblo Revolt Era, A.D. 1680 to 1696.” Journal of Field Archaeology, vol. 30, no. 1, [Maney Publishing, Trustees of Boston University], 2005, pp. 45–60, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40025825.

Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40025825

"In a meeting of religious leaders at the Tiwa-speaking village of Taos Pueblo, Pope espoused a message of cultural revitalization involving the renunciation of Spanish beliefs and customs, ritual purification, performance of traditional ceremonies, and an armed insurrection to destroy the Christian missions and retake Pueblo land from Spanish and Hispanic colonists. On August 10, 1680, Catholic priests were killed, churches destroyed, and haciendas raided."

Liebmann, Matthew. “The Innovative Materiality of Revitalization Movements: Lessons from the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.” American Anthropologist, vol. 110, no. 3, [American Anthropological Association, Wiley], 2008, pp. 360–72, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27564018. The source discovers how material artifacts are significant to analyzing and researching historical events regarding revitalization. It focuses on archeological findings from during the Pueblo Revolt, such as ceramics. The source analyzes the difference in ceramics from before and after the Pueblo Revolt. It can bridge a gender gap because it discusses how Jemez women, one of the Puebloan groups, changed the types of ceramics they made whether they were under Spaniard rule or creating post revolt. It provides a broader scope discussing one of the roles Puebloan woman played during the Pueblo Revolt.

Sheridan, Thomas E, et al. Moquis and Kastiilam: Hopis, Spaniards, and the Trauma of History, Volume II, 1680–1781. University of Arizona Press, 2020. The source is the second volume in a two-volume series of events describing the relations among the Hopis and the Spaniards inhabiting the New World. The Hopis were a tribe of natives who participated in the Pueblo Revolt because of the injustice and violence incited against them from the Spaniards. The source also includes the role of the Apaches during the revolt, which bridges an ethnic group gap concerning the Apache. The Apache were a significant tribe who participated in many ways during the Pueblo Revolt.

Phase Four:

Fact 1 Paragraph: "Similar nativistic responses transformed Zuni ceramic production during the revolt era as well (Mills 2002:93). Again, this demonstrates the negotiated nature of non-elite responses to Po'pay's calls for revitalization: although some Pueblo women (including those at Kotyiti) chose to revive archaic motifs following the revolt (Capone and Preucel 2002; Preucel 2006:233-238), the women of Jemez materialized revitalization by ceasing the production of archaic ceramic types entirely."

Fact 1 Summary: Pueblo women had to decide whether or not to continue their pottery production when Popé demanded the renunciation and destruction of European religious relics, such as crucifixes, paintings, and pottery.

Fact 2 Paragraph: "They and other Pueblo peoples also took refuge with Apaches and Navajos to escape Spanish demands and conspired with them to drive out the Spaniards. Such alliances threatened Nuevo México in 1644 (Jemez and Apaches), 1649 (Isleta, Alameda, Cochiti, San Felipe, Jemez, and Apaches), 1650 (Alameda, Sandia, The Pueblo Revolt 34 and Apaches), and 1668 (Southern Tiwas, Piros, and Apaches; see “The Testimony of Esteban Clemente,” volume 1; “Declaration of Diego López Sambrano, 1681,”this volume; Wilcox 2009:143; Hackett and Shelby 1942a, b). On other occasions, however, Pueblo warriors joined with the Spaniards to campaign against the Apaches and Navajos because of livestock raids and other assaults on their communities."

Fact 2 Summary: The Apache tribe both aided and conflicted with the Pueblo peoples.

Wiki Article Edit Fact 1:

Apparently, Popé and his two lieutenants, Alonso Catiti from Santo Domingo and Luis Tupatu from Picuris, traveled from town to town ordering a return "to the state of their antiquity." All crosses, churches, and Christian images were to be destroyed. Pueblo women had to decide whether or not to continue their pottery production when Popé demanded the renunciation and destruction of European religious relics, such as crucifixes, paintings, and pottery. The people were ordered to cleanse themselves in ritual baths, to use their Puebloan names, and to destroy all vestiges of the Roman Catholic religion and Spanish culture, including Spanish livestock and fruit trees. Popé, it was said, forbade the planting of wheat and barley and commanded those natives who had been married according to the rites of the Catholic Church to dismiss their wives and to take others after the old native tradition.

Wiki Article Edit Fact 2:

Following his release, Popé, along with a number of other Pueblo leaders (see list below), planned and orchestrated the Pueblo Revolt. Popé took up residence in Taos Pueblo far from the capital of Santa Fe and spent the next five years seeking support for a revolt among the 46 Pueblo towns. He gained the support of the Northern Tiwa, Tewa, Towa, Tano, and Keres-speaking Pueblos of the Rio Grande Valley. The Pecos Pueblo, 50 miles east of the Rio Grande pledged its participation in the revolt as did the Zuni and Hopi, 120 and 200 miles respectively west of the Rio Grande. The Pueblos not joining the revolt were the four southern Tiwa (Tiguex) towns near Santa Fe and the Piro Pueblos south of the principal Pueblo population centers near the present day city of Socorro. The southern Tiwa and the Piro were more thoroughly integrated into Spanish culture than the other groups.[9] The Spanish population of about 2,400, including mixed-blood mestizos, and native servants and retainers, was scattered thinly throughout the region. Santa Fe was the only place that approximated being a town. The Spanish could only muster 170 men with arms.[10] The Pueblos joining the revolt probably had 2,000 or more adult men capable of using native weapons such as the bow and arrow. It is possible that some Apache and Navajo participated in the revolt.The Apache tribe both aided and conflicted with the Pueblo peoples.