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= Erika Cremer article updates = Erika Cremer (20 May 1900, Munich–21 September 1996, Innsbruck) was a German physical chemist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Innsbruck who is regarded as one of the most important pioneer in gas chromatography, as she first conceived the technique in 1944.

Family
Cremer was born on 20 May, 1900 in Munich, Germany into a family of scientists and university professors. She was the only daughter and middle child of Max Cremer and Elsbeth Rosmund. Her father, Max Cremer, was a professor of physiology and the inventor of the glass electrode. She had two brothers, Hubert Cremer, a mathematician, and Lothar Cremer, an acoustician.

Education and Early Career
Cremer's father moved to a new position in Berlin and Cremer had trouble adjusting to the new Prussian school system. Cremer graduated high school in Berlin in 1921 and matriculated to the University of Berlin to study chemistry. At the University of Berlin, she attended lectures by Fritz Haber, Walther Nernst, Max Planck, Max von Laue, and Albert Einstein.

Cremer received her Ph.D. magna cum laude six years later in 1927 under Max Bodenstein. Her dissertation was on the kinetics of the hydrogen-chlorine reaction. The paper was published under her name only because it concluded that the reaction was a chain reaction which was still an extremely original idea for that time. Because of this paper and her work on kinetics, future Nobel Laureate for the study of kinetics Nikolay Semyonov invited her to Leningrad. She refused and remained in Germany to work at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry with Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer on the quantum theoretical problems of photochemistry.

Cremer studied the breakdown of alcohols using oxide catalysts on scholarship at the University of Freiburg with George de Hevesy briefly. Cremer returned to Berlin to work with Michael Polanyi at Haber's Institut, where they investigated the conversion hydrogen and ortho-hydrogen in one spin state to para-hydrogen until 1933 when the Nazi party came to power and the institute was dissolved for its reputation as anti-Nazi. Cremer was unable to find work or continue research for four years.

Scientific career before and during World War II
Cremer joined Otto Hahn at Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry to study trace compounds. She moved labs shortly after to concentrate on isotope separation. In 1938, Cremer received her habilitation from the University of Berlin. In any ordinary case, this qualification would lead to faculty positions; however, the Nazi government of the time had passed the Law on the Legal Position of Female Public Servants. The law banned women from senior positions (e.g. professorship). Many women scientists and scholars were left unemployed or limited in career prospects.

After World War II began and male scientists and professors were drafted, Cremer was able to obtain a position as a docent in 1940 at the University of Innsbruck in Austria. Cremer was pleased with her new position and location because she was able to mountain climb, a hobby of hers.

Gas separation discovery and development
At Innsbruck, Cremer was researching the hydrogenation of acetylene and had difficulty separating two gases with similar adsorption heats using the common methods of the day. She was aware of the liquid absorption chromatography research going on at Innsbruck, so she thought of a parallel method to separate gases by utilising an inert carrier gas as the mobile phase. She developed equations and instrumentation for the first gas chromatograph. Separate components were detected by a thermal conductivity detector. She initially submitted a short academic paper in 1944 to Naturwissenschaften, which was accepted and she informed them that future experimental work would follow. The paper however was not published at the time, because the journal's printing press was destroyed during air bombardment. It was finally published thirty years later in 1976.

In December of 1944, the university's facilities were badly damaged in an air bombardment and after the war, Cremer, as a German citizen, was not allowed to use the limited facilities. Fritz Prior was one of her postwar students and a high school chemistry teacher. He chose her idea of the gas chromatograph for his dissertation. Until facilities at the University of Innsbruck were usable again, he used his school's laboratory to continue Cremer's research with her guidance. When the university partially reopened, Cremer would secretly visit the university in a delivery truck to continue research.

Cremer was allowed to return to her work in late 1945. Prior completed his work demonstrating a novel method for measurements and qualitative and quantitative analysis in 1947. Another student of Cremer's, Roland Müller wrote his dissertation on the analytical possibilities of the gas chromatograph. She was appointed director of the Physical Chemistry Institute at Innsbruck and made a professor in 1951. Cremer began presenting Prior and Müller's work in 1947 at various scientific meetings. In 1951, three papers on Cremer's work were published. The scientific community responded to presentations and papers either negatively or not at all. Many believed that older methods were sufficient. In 1952, the British Anthony Trafford James and Archer Porter Martin and in 1953, the Czech J. Janak published reports claiming the invention of gas chromatography. All were completely ignorant of Cremer's early work. Following these reports, the method of gas chromatography became widely spread.

Cremer and her students continued their work on developing both the methods and theories behind gas chromatography over the next two decades and led to many of contemporary, common use ideas used in gas chromatography. Cremer and her group created the phrase "relative retention time" and how to calculate the peak area through multiplying the peak's height by the width of the peak at half height. Additionally, they demonstrated the relationship between measurement and column temperature and invented head space analysis.

Later Career and Death
Cremer had membership in the Cremer continued research at the University of Innsbruck and retired in 1971. She remained active in gas chromatography until almost the end of life. In 1990, an international symposium celebrating her work and her ninetieth birthday was held in Innsbruck. She died in 1996.

Awards and Honors

 * Wilhelm Exner Medal, 1958
 * Johann Josef Ritter von Precht Medal of the Technical University of Vienna, 1965
 * Erwin Schrödinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1970
 * M.S. Tswett Chromatography Award, 1974 (first year awarded)
 * Commemorative M.S. Tswett Medal of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, 1978
 * Honorary degree from the Technical University of Berlin
 * First-class cross of the Austrian Order for Science and Art

Potential Sources for Erika Cremer
I would like to contribute more information about her early life and her scientific work. I have found at least three sources at the library with good details on her life that I think will elevate this article.

Women in Chemistry their changing roles from alchemical times to the mid-twentieth century

Women of Science Righting the Record

Women in Chemistry and Physics A Biobibliographic Sourcebook
 * Family
 * Add further information on her family
 * Education and Early Career~New~
 * New section including her graduation from high school in 1921
 * Her university career
 * Attended lectures by famous scientists
 * Ph.D.
 * Dissertation on kinetics
 * Movement between universities
 * Nazi Germany and World War II
 * Gas Chromatography discovery

Article evaluation
Evaluating My Molecule: Ferritin Everything seemed mostly relevant. There were a few sentences that were confusing, but everything was related in some way to ferritin. Overall, the article seems to discuss the function of the protein more than anything else. The function section is the longest and has the longest subsections. The article describes more what the protein can do and what it can mean than how and why. There is barely anything in the article about how the protein functions, likely because scientists are not certain, but even this unknown fact and the proposed mechanisms are not mentioned in the article. Yes, links 35, 20, and 6 all supported the claims made. However, there is one "citation needed" in the article and one un-cited claim that has been tagged "discuss." Source 9 is not a reliable, neutral source. It is the blog of a research group at the University of Grenada. the blog provides the research group's publications at the bottom, but the facts on the page are not cited directly. The possible bias of citing information from a research group's blog is not noted. Source 28 is the WebMD "Ferritin Blood Test" page. The page was reviewed by a doctor and the potential bias of a medical professional on a blood test is not noted. The rest of the sources seem to be from respected scientific journals.
 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position? Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?

Not every fact has a reference and in fact, the mitochondria and industrial applications paragraphs have none. Some of the sources seem older (i.e. 1982, 1986) and should try to be updated. On the Talk page, there is a discussion of a 1990 paper as being out of date for iron-deficiency markers. Mention of iron uptake and release is missing and could be added. There is no mention of transferrin, an important related iron transporter. Ignoring the couple of conversations about two users personal ferritin iron level, much of the conversation discusses clarification and source reliability. One user found contradictory data about blood levels and it was suggested that instead of replacing the data already on the page that they could add it and note the bias that labs vary. Another conversation suggested to rename the section "Diagnostic uses" to "Serum ferritin test" to make it more specific and useful. One user provided a source that mentioned the unknown mechanism of iron uptake, which I find as a big oversight of the article, but the user did not want to edit the article. The article is part of the WikiProjects Physiology, Medicine, and Molecular and Cell Biology. It was also the subject of the University of Ontario's Advanced Topics in Inorganic Chemistry course in 2015. In all three WikiProjects, the article is rated as Start-Class for quality. Probably because it does not provided a full or strong overview of ferritin. Wikipedia focuses primarily on the uses of ferritin as in, how it can be a measurement of health, how it prevents iron from becoming toxic, and how it is expressed in bacteria, amphibians, and snails. In class and in my research into my molecule, I have primarily focused on how ferritin stores iron and not what can be known from its storage of iron. I have also looked exclusively into human ferritin because that seemed more relevant, but the article does not have much information on humans, except for diagnostic purposes.
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I would say overall, the article seems a bit disorganized. The function subsections are too short and could be added too or coalesced. Further, the actual chemistry of ferritin, not only the structure and function, but the mechanisms associated with ferritin need to be addressed.