User:Acrimin/Economy of Dublin

Dublin is the largest city and capital of Ireland, and is the country's economic hub. As well as being the location of the national parliament and most of the civil service, Dublin is also the focal point of media in the country. Much of Ireland's transportation network radiates from the city, and Dublin Port is responsible for a large proportion of Ireland's import and export trade.

Dublin is home to a number of multinational corporations, including in "hi tech" sectors such as information technology, digital media, financial services and the pharmaceutical industry. Dublin is also the location of the headquarters of several large Irish public companies including Bank of Ireland, CRH plc, Ryanair, Smurfit Kappa and Paddy Power. Many of Ireland's public sector and state owned employers are based in Dublin including utility companies such as ESB Group, educational institutions such as Dublin Institute of Technology, Trinity College, Dublin and University College Dublin, most of Ireland's higher courts, RTÉ (Irelands national public service broadcaster), and several teaching hospitals. Other employers service the tourism and retail markets.

Rankings
In 2017 Dublin ranked 1st in Ireland by disposable income per person, at 110% of the State average.

In 2008, it was the city with the 2nd highest wages in the world, dropping to 10th place in 2009, and (according to a Brookings Institute report in 2012) had the 14th highest income per capita in the world at $55,578 (€42,960).

As of 2011, Mercer's 2011 Worldwide Cost of Living Survey listed Dublin as the 13th most expensive city in the European Union (down from 10th in 2010), and the 58th most expensive place to live in the world (down from 42nd in 2010). Similar surveys of ex-pats in 2015 and 2017 ranked the city as the 49th and 47th most expensive city respectively.

GDP
According to Eurostat 2012 figures, the GDP of the Dublin Metropolitan Area (including counties Meath, Kildare and Wicklow) was approximately €83.bn, representing 47% of Irish GDP, and ranking 20th among European metropolitan areas by Gross metropolitan product. County Dublin alone had a GDP of €73 billion and a GDP per capita of €57,200.

According to 2014 CSO figures, County Dublin contributed €87 billion to national GDP with a GDP per capita of €68,208 and the Greater Dublin area contributing €103 billion and a GDP per capita of €56,971.

Other indicators
Dublin was at the centre of Ireland's rapid economic growth from 1995 to 2007 when both the standards and the cost of living in the city rose dramatically. By 2018, the Economic and Social Research Institute reported that the concentration of population and economic activity in Dublin (accounting for approximately 50% of all economic activity in the country) was "unsustainable". The Irish Times also queried whether the lack of available rental accommodation in the capital would impact Dublin's economic growth.

Government
Dublin is the capital of Ireland, and much of the jobs in the Irish Civil Service are based in the Dublin 1 and Dublin 2 postal districts.

County Dublin is divided into four council areas: Dublin City Council, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, South Dublin and Fingal.

Canals and ports
Ireland's two longest canals, the Royal Canal and the Grand Canal, meet in Dublin Bay. Ireland relies heavily on the sea for trade, and over 90% of imports and exports are shipped through the country's many ports.

Dublin Port is Ireland's largest port facility, and it was responsible for almost half of all passengers travelling to or from Ireland by ship in 2016. On average, the Dublin Port Company ships 28.4 million tons of goods every year (16.9 million tons imported and 11.5 million tons exported). It is classified as a core port by the EU's TEN-T program and handles almost 50% of all trade in the Republic of Ireland.

The port of Dún Laoghaire is also located in Dublin, and functions both as a port and a tourist destination. As a port, it is a major servicer of passenger ferries and yachts.

Dublin Airport
Dublin Airport is the biggest and busiest in Ireland, with two terminals, handling almost 28 million passengers annually (as of 2016). The Irish airlines Aer Lingus, CityJet and Ryanair have their own head offices in Dublin.

Rail
Heuston and Connolly stations are the two main railway stations in Dublin. The Irish railway system radiates from Dublin run by Irish Rail. Similarly, a number of routes in the Irish road system spread outwards from Dublin. Operated by Iarnród Éireann, the Dublin Suburban Rail network consists of five railway lines serving the Greater Dublin Area and commuter towns such as Drogheda and Dundalk in County Louth. One of these lines is the electrified Dublin Area Rapid Transit (DART) line, which runs primarily along the coast from Malahide and Howth southwards as far as Greystones. Commuter rail operates on the other four lines using Irish Rail diesel multiple units. In 2013, passengers for DART and Dublin Suburban lines were 16 million and 11.7 million, respectively (around 75% of all Irish Rail passengers).

The Luas is an electrified light rail system which has been operating since 2004 and carried over 30 million passengers annually (as of 2012). The network consists of two tram lines; the Red Line links the Docklands and city centre with the south-western suburbs, while the Green Line connects the city centre with suburbs to the south of the city.

Economic sectors
In 2005, around 800,000 people were employed in Greater Dublin, of whom around 600,000 were employed in the services sector and 200,000 in the industrial sector.

Media
Dublin is home to a number of national newspapers, radio stations, television stations and telephone companies. RTÉ is Ireland's national state broadcaster, and is based in Donnybrook. Virgin Media One, MTV Ireland and Sky News are also based in the city. The headquarters of An Post and telecommunications companies such as Eir, as well as mobile operators Meteor, Vodafone and 3 are all located in the Dublin area. Dublin is also the headquarters of national newspapers such as The Irish Times, Irish Independent and The Herald.

Food and drink
One of Ireland's most widely known alcoholic drinks, Guinness, has been brewed at the St. James's Gate Brewery since 1759. Dublin also profited from the role of the beef industry, as the main export port for beef bound to Britain.

Information and communications technology
A number of IT companies are located in the city, including in the south inner area of Dublin 2, and the adjacent counties. Among these are Amazon, Ebay, Dell, Facebook, Zynga, Dropbox, LinkedIn, Indeed, Twitter, Google, EMC, Microsoft, Oracle, PayPal, SAP, Symantec, and Yahoo!. A number of these organisations have premises in the Silicon Docks area of the city.

The area surrounding Ireland's capital city has the largest concentration of large-scale data centre operations in the country, including global operations run by Google, Microsoft and Amazon. Companies involved in the cloud computing sector include Citrix, EMC2, Dropbox, Salesforce and Zendesk.

Financial
In 2017 and 2018 respectively, Dublin was ranked 5th in Europe and 31st globally in the Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI). Many of the jobs in Dublin's financial services sector are based at the International Financial Services Centre in the Dublin Docklands area. Also located in Dublin is the Irish Stock Exchange (ISEQ).

Retail
Ireland's largest retail and shopping centres are located in the Dublin area, including Dundrum Town Centre (140,000 square metres, 160 stores) and Blanchardstown Centre (120,000 square metres, 180 stores). Within the city centre, the "prime retail streets" include Henry Street and Grafton Street. A 2013 report, for Ibec and Retail Ireland, indicated that Dublin was the "main national hub of retail activity", accounting for 25% of the country's retail entities, and approximately 50% of national employment in the sector.

Tourism
Several of Ireland's most visited tourist attractions are in the Dublin area, including the Guinness Storehouse (nearly 1.5 million visitors in 2015), Dublin Zoo (1.1m visitors in 2015), and the National Gallery of Ireland (in excess of 700,000 visitors). As of 2013, the tourism sector was reputedly worth approximately of €1.4 billion to the economy of Dublin.

Higher education
Higher education institutions contributed €10.6 billion to the national economy in 2011. This included nearly €1 billion from international students, where 57% of these international students are based in the Dublin region. As a university city, several of the largest universities and colleges are located in the capital, including the largest (University College Dublin - UCD), and one of the oldest (Trinity College Dublin). A 2014 study indicated that the three universities in Dublin (Dublin City University, Trinity College, and UCD) were among the top institutions for economic impact nationally.

The National Library of Ireland is located in Dublin, and holds the most comprehensive and complete collection of Irish historical texts, documents, photographs and prints in the world. The library curates an extensive online catalogue that is free to use worldwide, and allows digital access to a newspaper catalogue, manuscripts and collections, photographs and digitized items.