User:Acuza/New sandbox

Bibliography + Notes

 * 1) Difference between narrative and reality when it comes to women representation in Startup Catalyst Organisations
 * 2) The gender gap in venture capital - progress, problems and perspectives :  3 main reasons for the gender disparity in venture capital funding emerged: structural barriers, human capital, and strategic choice - in older studies; in this study they are: social network, structural barriers, and stereotypes and homophily.
 * 3) Gender Effects in Venture Capital : looks at women venture capitalists and why they underperform
 * 4) Do women-owned businesses have equal access to angel capital? : talks about why there is a low rate of women seeking financing from angels (!!entrepreneurs demonstrate a strong preference to seek angel funding from angel investors of the same sex.)
 * 5) Patterns of venture capital funding: is gender a factor? :  3 main reasons for the gender disparity in venture capital funding emerged: structural barriers, human capital, and strategic choice
 * 6) Gender and venture capital decision-making: The effects of technical background and social capital on entrepreneurial evaluations : focus on women in high-tech entrepreneurship, experimental design to assess gendered expectations of venture capitalists; women without technical background less likely to receive funding than men without technical background; social tie between entrepreneurs and evaluators helped women more than men -> women need more to achieve legitimacy as entrepreneurs; solutions: encouraging technical education and expanding women's networks, increasing proportion of women venture capitalists due to homophily
 * 7) Gender Stereotypes and Venture Support Decisions: How Governmental Venture Capitalists Socially Construct Entrepreneurs' Potential : use of role congruity theory, ideal entrepreneur based on perceived characteristics is male not female; solution: how does rhetoric and language influence entrepreneurship? they found that female entrepreneurs are seen as being inferior to male entrepreneurs because the rhetoric and language used in the field embeds, preserves and reproduces social order and stereotyping; gender norms spill over even financial decision making
 * 8) Do you see what I see? Signalling effects of gender and Firm characteristics on financing entrepreneurial ventures : some studies have shown that women are as likely to seek and obtain debt financing as men(+females charged higher interest rates ) -> but still in use different criteria to evaluate the two groups; use of signalling theory + congruity theory ->this study focuses on how much entrepreneurs were able to get from banks->found that male entrepreneurs are given more funding than female counterparts based on nr of employees and past performance (women entrepreneurs account for just $1out of every $23 in small business lending )
 * 9) Male and Female Entrepreneurs get asked different questions by VCs - and it affects how much funding they get : closing the gender gap in start-up funding: women were asked questions about prevention and loss, while their male counterparts were asked questions about potential gains: women "How predictable are your future cash flows?", men "What major milestones are you targeting for this year?"; solution:entrepreneurs should change how they respond to prevention questions
 * 10) The Role of Gender in Entrepreneur–Investor Relationships: A Signaling Theory Approach : focus on equity financing by small investment funds; differences in financial, social and cultural capital between female and males; need for females to use compensatory signalling strategies; especially for females involved in feminine industries(in terms of employees, customers and products); solution: female entrepreneurs signalling more "masculine" elements such as growth, ambition or by including competent men on team
 * 11) Gender Gap in High-Growth Ventures: Evidence from a University Venture Mentoring Program : tracking female entrepreneurs with extensive human capital, and intention to create a high growth venture -> found that women are less likely to pursue venture full-time; solution: finding exactly the obstacles that potential entrepreneurs face in the early stages of venture founding
 * 12) Democratizing Innovation and Capital Access: The Role of Crowdfunding : a way of democratising the funding process for historically underrepresented groups in the marker (also a great survey on all the work done on women in the crowdsourcing world)
 * 13) Gender differences in the contribution patterns of equity-crowdfunding investors : focuses on females as investors -> less likely to invest in the equity of newer, high tech, with a high percentage of equity offerings firms
 * 14) A Gender Integrative Conceptualization of Entrepreneurship : focus on institutional and structural barriers women entrepreneurs face; solution: adding ideas from feminist theory into the entrepreneurship model: decentralization, fluidity, flat- ness, democracy, equality, and consensus; provide examples of women-only angel investor networks, incubators, accelerator programs, pitch competitions, and net- working events; supply-side remedies; pipeline of equity finance is heavily gendered
 * 15) Token entrepreneurs: a review of gender, capital, and context in technology entrepreneurship : review of research on women and entrepreneurship; talks about financial investment, social networks, human capital and cognitive capital
 * 16) Research on Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges to (and from) the Broader Entrepreneurship Literature? : third part discusses the challenges of this research (probably good for history of issue)
 * 17) Innovative Female-Led Startups. Do Women in Business Underperform? : in what is considered innovative start-ups, no they don't even though they raise less funding
 * 18) Second‐Order Gender Effects: The Case of U.S. Small Business Borrowing Cost
 * 19) Women entrepreneurs who break through to equity financing: The influence of human, social and financial capital