User:Adambek2020/Choose an Article

Article Selection
Please list articles that you're considering for your Wikipedia assignment below. Begin to critique these articles and find relevant sources.

Option 1
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 * Article title Liver regeneration
 * Article Evaluation: The article Liver regeneration describes one of the two types of liver damage, partial hepatectomy, from which the liver has the ability to regenerate. According to the article, the process of liver regeneration is divided into three phases, and it involves the activation of multiple genes, various growth factors, and sometimes facultative stem cells. The article provides minimal insight into the most common causes of liver damage and what diagnostic tools can be used to assess liver function. The authors advise performing a blood exam and checking toxin levels in the patient’s blood to assess liver function. The recommendations in the article are not entirely correct, and they can be confusing. The liver function tests used to assess its function and possible liver damage include alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), 5'nucleotidase, total bilirubin, conjugated (direct) bilirubin, unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin, prothrombin time (PT), the international normalized ratio (INR), lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, globulins, and albumin. These are not toxins, but enzymes, proteins, and metabolites produced and/or released from the hepatocytes to the blood. It is unclear from the article what type of toxins the authors advise to check, external toxins that lead to liver damage such as acetaminophen or alcohol, or toxins produced by the liver such as ammonia. Ammonia is the waste product of liver function and its levels can have prognostic value as the levels can be elevated in the patient’s blood in advanced liver damage and hepatic encephalopathy.
 * Sources
 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9050925/ ===
 * Sources
 * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482489/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9050925/ ===

Option 2
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 * Article title Neural stem cell
 * Article Evaluation: The article Neural Stem Cell describes multipotent neural stem cells' location and function in embryonic and adult neurogenesis. During embryonic neurogenesis, the neural stem cells (NSCs) generate the radial glial cells (RGCs), also called radial glial progenitor cells (RGPs) that further generate the neurons and glia of the central nervous system. In some very highly restricted areas in the adult vertebrate brains, several neural progenitor stem cells persist and continue to generate neurons throughout life. According to the article, the NSCs reside in a transient zone called the ventricular zone (VZ) during embryonic neurogenesis. The transition from adult NSCs into new neurons during adult neurogenesis occurs in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. The location of the adult NSC niches described in the article could be more precise. According to the current research, NSCs in the adult mammalian brain are located only in two areas of the cerebrum: the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. There are similarities between the adult mammalian neurogenic niches as they are remnants of the embryonic radial glial neuroepithelium but the article did not mention that only NSCs of the V-SVZ retain contact with the cerebral spinal fluid.
 * Sources
 * Gilbert, S., Developmental Biology. 11th edition, Sinauer Associates. ===
 * Sources
 * Gilbert, S., Developmental Biology. 11th edition, Sinauer Associates. ===

Option 3
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 * Article title Hematopoietic stem cell
 * Article Evaluation: The article Hematopoietic Stem Cells discusses the process of haematopoiesis which is the formation of cellular components of blood. It gives an inside about the location of haematopoiesis during embryonic development and adulthood. According to the article, the daily production of blood cells can exceed 500 billion in an average person. This number of blood cells produced daily seems to be inaccurate. Developmental Biology by Gilbert provides a different number stating that humans lose and replace about 300 billion blood cells daily and more than 100 billion cells in our blood are replaced with new cells each day. The article describes different types of blood cells deriving from different colony-forming units of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the mechanisms regulating the process. The article briefly described the isolation of stem cells using flow cytometry and emphasized the usefulness of the presence of several different cell surface markers, particularly CD34 but did not provide more details about the importance of CD34, especially during bone marrow transplantation. CD34 is well known for its unique expression on HSCs and is used to enrich donor bone marrow with HSCs before bone marrow transplant. The role of CD34 as a marker of HSCs is now under investigation because recent studies suggest the presence of dormant HSCs that are CD34-negative and become CD34-positive just before cell division, making the enrichment process more challenging.
 * Sources
 * Gilbert, S., Developmental Biology. 11th edition, Sinauer Associates.
 * https://ashpublications.org/bloodadvances/article/1/27/2799/15842/Not-just-a-marker-CD34-on-human-hematopoietic-stem ===
 * Gilbert, S., Developmental Biology. 11th edition, Sinauer Associates.
 * https://ashpublications.org/bloodadvances/article/1/27/2799/15842/Not-just-a-marker-CD34-on-human-hematopoietic-stem ===

Option 4

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Option 5

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