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Calorie Restriction
Calorie Restriction (CR) refers to a dietary restriction that focuses on less calorie intake to increase longevity and reduce the age-related diseases in humans. Calorie restriction maintains a low-calorie intake that helps to regulate the rate of aging and increases the youthfulness of an individual or animal. Low-Calorie intake has directly been correlated to negative energy balance which promotes low Body Mass Index (BMI) and comparatively high plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for improved life expectancy. Calorie Restriction has widely been practiced by pregnant women and people with pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes. The right amount of calorie restriction help pregnant women to achieve positive weight gain whereas a significant drop in calorie intake can lead to hypothalamic alterations leading to long-term effects in the offspring. Moderate CR in diabetic patients increases insulin sensitivity and reduces the amount of hepatic fat in obese individual and type-2 diabetes. Long term CR in older animals results in stem cell function similar to that of the younger groups. The active stem cell function helps in enhanced recovery of the damaged skeletal muscle tissue, which is comparatively slow in older individuals than in younger individuals. CR in the United States has shown a prolonged life span in women than a man as women tend to consume 25% fewer calories than a man in their lifetime. The statistical analysis of CR, available for anti-aging movement in humans is not sufficient enough to prove the prolonged lifespan associated with CR.