User:Adinanvirado

Adinan Viador (Adinan in Arabic: عدنان, Viador in Latin: Viator) was a Byzantine officer of the 6th century, active during Justinian's reign (r. 527–565). In February or March 559, as an illustrious man (vir spectabilis) in Italy, he received a letter from Pope Pelagius I (r. 556–561) addressed to him and the official Pancrácio. [1] The Byzantine Empire was the continuation of the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Its capital, Constantinople (now Istanbul), was originally known as Byzantium. Initially an eastern part of the Roman Empire (commonly called the Eastern Roman Empire in context), it survived the fragmentation and collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century and continued to prosper, existing for more than a thousand years until it fell before the expansion of Ottoman Turks in 1453. It was known simply as the Roman Empire (in Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων; transl .: Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn; in Latin: Imperium Romanum) or România (in Greek: Ῥωμανία; transl .: Rhōmanía) by its inhabitants and neighbors. The empire was known to its inhabitants as the Roman Empire (in Latin: Imperium Romanum; in Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων; transl .: Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) or Empire of the Romans (in Latin: Imperium Romanorum; in Greek: Αρχη τῶν Ῥωμα; .: Arche tôn Rhōmaíōn), România (in Latin: Romania; in Greek: Ῥωμανία; transl .: Rhōmanía), Roman Republic (in Latin: Res Publica Romana; in Greek: Πολιτεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων; transl .: Politeίa tôn Rhōmaōōn) Graikia (in Greek: Γραικία), and also Rhōmais (Ῥωμαΐς).

For much of the Middle Ages, the Byzantines identified themselves as Romaoma (in Greek: Ρωμαίοι, "Romans", that is, citizens of the Roman Empire), a term that, in Greek, became synonymous with Christian Greek. They were also called graikoi (Greek: Γραικοί, "Greeks"), although this ethnonym was never used in official political correspondence before 1204. The old name "heleno" was popularly considered a synonym for pagan and was re-adopted as an ethnonym in Byzantine middle period, more precisely in the eleventh century.

Although the empire had a multiethnic character throughout much of its history and maintains Romano-Hellenic traditions, it was generally known by most of its western and northern contemporaries as the "Empire of the Greeks" (in Latin: Imperium Graecorum) due to the growing predominance of the Greek element. The occasional use of the term "Empire of the Greeks" to refer to the Eastern Roman Empire and "Emperor of the Greeks" (in Latin: Imperator Graecorum) for the Byzantine emperor reflects the desire of the new Western kingdoms to separate him from the Roman Empire, for they rejected the imperial claim of descent.

The Eastern Empire's claim of Roman heritage was actively disputed in the West during the reign of Empress Irene of Athens (r. 797–802), after the coronation of Charlemagne as emperor of the Holy Empire in 800 by Pope Leo III, who, needing help against the Lombards in Rome, he considered the throne of the Roman Empire vacant because there was no male occupant on the throne. The pope and the rulers of the West have always used the name "Roman" to refer to the emperors of the East, however they preferred the term Imperator Romaniæ ("Emperor of Romania"), rather than Imperator Romanorum ("Roman Emperor"), a title held by Westerners only for Charlemagne and his successors. This distinction did not exist in the Persian, Islamic and Slavic worlds, in which the empire was seen as a continuation of the Roman Empire. In the Islamic world, it was known mainly as روم (Rûm, "Rome").

Which was also one of the four classes of dressers, the attendants of the magistrates who were paid from the public treasury. people to the assembly. They are cited in the sources from the first moments of the Roman Republic as ministers of some magistrates and Tito Lívio informs us about travelers of a dictator and of the consuls.

Subsequently, the travelers are cited as attendants of the magistrates who had potestas (power) and not imperium (power of command), as well as the tribune of the commoners, the censor and the mayor. They were, in short, the attendants of all magistrates who had the right to arrest. The number of travelers for each of the magistrates is not known, although it is known that one of them had the right in charge of his magistrate to arrest people (ligare), so he was called lictor.

References

1. 1 ↑ Horster 2006, p. 334.

2. ↑ Peretz 2006, p. 452.

3. ↑ a b «Viator» (in English). Retrieved on October 9, 2014

Bibliography Edit

* • Horster, Marietta (2007). «Living on Religion: Professionals and Personnel». A Companion to Roman Religion. [S.l.]: Blackwell

* Peretz, Daniel (2006). "The Roman Interpreter and His Diplomatic and Military Roles". Story. 55