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End-User Database Processing

In the end-user database environment, users initiate and run applications and enter ad hoc queries against the database without the assistance of computer professionals. Users might also design the database, build new applications, modify the database structure, and perform all database administration activities. The extent to which a user can do these things depends on several factors, including the user's expertise, the user-friendliness of the DBMS product, the scope of the system (number of users, number of applications, size of the database), the complexity of the system (for example, a computer network versus a stand-alone system), and ownership of the database. Although end-user database processing can take place on the full range of computers from micros to mainframes, microcomputers are generally more available to end-users. Consequently, they are more popular for this type of processing. The key to end-user database processing is the interface with the DBMS. The user needs to feel that he can "get at" the data in the computer and manipulate the data to readily answer questions. The database language SQL provides just such a user-friendly interface. With minimal training, users can define tables, establish relationships, and make queries. (Depending on the DBMS product in which SQL is implemented, the user might also be able to easily develop his own applications.) Various implementations of SQL exist for both microcomputer and mainframe relational databases. Most but not all end-user database processing is accomplished on microcomputers. Even within the microcomputer area there are distinct types of database systems, and each type has unique properties and problems.www.basicsofcomputer.com