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My name is Armando Dunn and I study sociology at Bard College.

Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus

Originally found in Alagoas, Brazil, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a bacterium that has several interesting features and aspects which are important to note (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014). The bacterium is first discovered by Vladimir A. Cavalcante and Johanna Dobereiner while analyzing sugarcane in Brazil. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a part of the Acetobacteraceae family and started out with the name, Saccharibacter nitrocaptans, however, the bacterium is renamed as Acetobacter diazotrophicus because the bacterium is found to belong with bacteria that are able to tolerate acetic acid (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014; Cavalcante and Dobereiner 1988). Again, the bacterium’s name is changed to Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus when the bacterium was found to have a 16s ribosomal RNA analysis (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014). In addition to being a part of the Acetobacter family, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus belongs to the Proteobacteria phylum, the Alphaprotebacteria class, and the Gluconacetobacter genus while being a part of the Rhodosprillales order (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014).

Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus cells are shaped like rods, have ends that are circular or round, and have anywhere from one to three flagella that are lateral (Chawla, Phour, Suneja, Sangwaan, and Goyal 2014; Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014). Based on these descriptions of the cell, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus can be classified with the bacillus genus (Cavalcante and Dobereiner 1988). The cells be viewed as darkish brown or orange colonies under a microscope (Chawla, Phour, Suneja, Sangwaan, and Goyal 2014). In addition, the cells are aerobic which describes their need of oxygen. Because the bacterium is found on sugar cane when first discovered, as explained prior, and reacts strongly to high amounts of sugar, Gram Negative is the correct classification for Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014; Chawla, Phour, Suneja, Sangwaan, and Goyal 2014). Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is also known for nitrogen fixation (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014). This feature allows the bacteria to work on nitrogen in the air in order for the correct amount of nitrogen can be received by plants (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014). Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a notable microbe because studies have shown that the bacteria can help tomatoes and other crops grow (Luna, Aprea, Crespo, and Boiardi 2011). This microbe fights off Xanthomonas albilineans which is a pathogen found in sugar cane (Piñóna, Casas, Blanca etc. 2002). Overall, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, through the research restated, plays a significant role in the environment for plants specifically sugar cane, helps to grow crops, and can be found in areas that are acidic and contain oxygen.

The genome that was found to be closely sequenced with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus was the Pal5 genome (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014). This genome has one circular chromosome and two plasmids (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014). The two plasmids found in the genome are pGD01 and pGD02 which contain 38,818 and 16,610 base pairs respectively (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014). The G-C content for Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus could be calculated at 66.19% (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014). The Pal5 genome was found to have 583 proteins that can be used to depict the possible “metabolic pathways” in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Eskin, Vessey, and Tian 2014). The bacterium has been studied to move from different crops and also helpful in growing corn (Chawla, Phour, Suneja, Sangwaan, and Goyal). Because they create phytohormones, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has proven to stimulate other plant’s growth (Chawla, Phour, Suneja, Sangwaan, and Goyal). There was not a lot of information that described the RNA in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus.