User:Aepineda6/sandbox

Mandel gained fame in the United States following the rejection of his visa by Attorney General John N. Mitchell against the suggestion of Secretary of State William P. Rogers in 1969. Attorney General Mitchell acted under the McCarran Act of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. This act states that those who "advocate the economic, international and governmental doctrines of world Communism" and "who write or public any written or printed matter advocating or teaching the economic international and governmental doctrines of world Communism" can have their visas barred. This gained such political fuel because previously, Mandel had already been granted visas in 1962 and 1968, however, he had violated the conditions of his second visit unknowingly. As a result of his rejected visa, a number of American scholars came out to vouch for his right to visit the United States. They attempted to highlight that he did not affiliate with the Communist Party and that he had publicly spoken out against the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. In 1971, a Federal Court in New York voted to void Mitchell's decision, stating that the United States could not bar a visitor, however, on June 29, 1972, the Supreme Court ruled, 6 to 3, that Mitchell had acted within his job description in rejecting the visa.