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Sultanate of fetagar

the sultanate of fetegar was a medieval Muslim sultanate which used to be a state of showa it was established in the city of chiro. the first sultan is believed to be the founder Ismail bin Abdishukur.

History

During the early 11th century Showa was at its peak but in the late 11th century it was declining.

ismails father was governor of chirro and was a respected noble of Showa Ismail had a nice life style his fathers name was Abdishukur. Ismail’s father died in 1250 in the reign of emir Malzarrah he was succeeded by his oldest son Ismail’s brother Abdirahman hin Abdishukur as governor of Diredawa and Chiro in 1263 he died. Ismail was then appointed leadership of chirro and  Mieso. Ismail had always wanted to start his own dynasty so he and 3 other nobles Yahaya bin Ibrahim as well as Abdirahman bin Ibrahim and Yusuf Al qawiun All led a huge rebbilion they also got the support of Ifat in 1283 fetagar was officially established as a independent sultanate.

Ismail’s struggle for power

In the 11th century Islam in east Africa was in chaos the dominant sultanate Showa would be disestablished and many sultanates would be born of these Sharkha and Fetegar who would be enemies. Ismail had 4 other living brothers who wanted his land so his older brother Ibrahim I of dharak would fight and campaign against his brother Ismail. Ismail who had much more milatry expierence deafest his brother at mieso his 2nd biggest city. Another one of his brothers who was younger Zubair bin Abdishukur rebelled in chirro gathering his followers and attacking his brother Ismail lost this battle and Zubair controller the city only for 3 weeks though and Ismail would be siege the city in 1284 and take it back. Another sultanate which was troubling Fetagar was Sharkha which was around the area Sharkha would often raid fetagar successfully at southern villages. Ismail then sent his brother Muhammed with 200 men to stop there raids and invasions this army was decisively defeated at the battle of gelemso. So Ismail took 1000 soldiers and marched to gelemso and successfully pushed the raiders out.

Ismail’s invasions of north shewa

There was a neighbouring kingdom called wej located in north shewa which separated it from the Ethiopian empire. Wej had a city called Ankobber which opened trade routes to wello and chirro his capital. Ismail led 400 men to the city defeating Wej decisively he then moved his capital to his newly invaded city. He then attacked robi a city which seperated it from Sultanate of Arababni this city was under Wej control he decisively defeated them taking the city wej was at its decline.

The war of succession (duula obelyan)

Ismail had 7 sons Ishaaq Yaqub Ibrahim ii and 4 others but these were the main three they started a war between each other Yaqub controlled the south whilst ishaaq ruled the Shewan city’s whilst Ibrahim controlled gelemso Mieso and Chirro they had children and the war carried on for over 20years till 1304 when peace was made and the war stopped with ishaq’s son Hussein became sultan.

Campaigns of the north (Wello)

During the reign of emperor wedem or Arden a campaign was made by a general and sheikh of fetegar he was known by the name of sheikh Abdirahman Of debre birhan he led a campaign to north shewa conquering The city of Debre birhan. One day his army who was fighting in the path of jihad camped some where known as dessie his camp was destroyed by the emperor Wedem Arad he converted the army and sent Abdirahman south to chirro Abdirahman then wrote a letter to The ruling sultan Hussein

“oh king of Barli (Chiro)

I start of by praising you and I pray for you and your family the christian king of the north has attacked our lands and has converted many taking the city of Debrebirhan slaughtering the Muslim population and taken our lands please help our people in the north they beg you”. Hussein responded by sending 20000 horse men to Chiro he led the men. They then marched to dessie but instead got lost at wotale his army stayed there till 1332 by that time werdem had already died and was replaced by his son Amda Seyon I he led his army’s to wotale and decisively defeated Hussein. Hussein then marched to kombolcha Amda had reached there before him

the battle started when Abdirahmans cavalry of 11000 charged they were killed by the emperors Arrows then Hussein charged with all his men to mount Amba ferit but Amda’s men had the upper side and they charged defeating Hussein’s army Abdrahman was captured and killed whilst Hussein managed to flee to yifat.

Ifat

During the reign of sabradin fetager was in chaos so they pledged him for help he accepted them he sent governors generals and soldiers to Fetagar which aided them Ifat and fetagar had allied them selfs together but sabradin was defeated and killed. So then fetagar was in chaos again until sabradin’s son Ali ibn Sabr ad-Din took full control of yifat the current sultan of fetager at that time was sultan Ali ii under Ifat’s control fetagar invaded Arbabni. But after Ali died his son returned to saylac and did not return.

Fall of fetegar

Fetger was in a war with Alamale a sultanate such seperated it from bale and east hararghe Alamale was a new young and powerful sultanate which had survived Amda seyons invasion the attacked a eastern city of fetagar mieso this city was the border city between them fetegar fought of Alamale but then another sultanate came to fight Harla Kingdom this kingdom was rising fetegar lost major city’s like chirro and mieso. The sultanate also had a fight with the Werji people who were becoming the dominant people’s of Centeral Ethiopia. The werjih took certain lands. But we’re later pushed back.

Borona oromo era

during the Oromo expansions the borana under Luba or gaada bifole raided fetagar several times burning and looting city’s then Bahrey notes that fetegar became gebrs a term in Tigray and Amhara meaning tax payers. It was under oromo rule until Imam Ahmed gurey invaded it at the battle of weyna daga. After this emperor gelewodos conqurered the area and fetegar fell. Tadessa tamrat notes it’s borders as dawaro to the south Ifat to the east and hadiya to the south west and Sharkha to the east as well was bale to the south. Chibab al Umari notes the following fetegar was a sultanate as wide as 200,000 sq or a 24 by 8 day trouble and had very good resources and had a big economy.