User:Agarwalaman14852001/National Symbols of India

National symbols of India National Flag (Tiranga) A horizontal rectangular tricolour with equally sized deep saffron at the top, white in the middle and India green at the bottom. In the center is a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the Ashoka Chakra. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag designed by Pingali Venkayya.

Map of India National Sentence & Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" "Truth Alone Triumphs" सत्यमेव जयते(Sanskrit) National Anthem: Jana Gana Mana "Thou art the rulers of the minds of all people" Devanagari script जनगणमन-अधिनायक जय हे भारतभाग्यविधाता! पंजाब सिंधु गुजरात मराठा, द्राविड़ उत्कल बंग विंध्य हिमाचल यमुना गंगा, उच्छलजलधितरंग तव शुभ नामे जागे, तव शुभ आशिष मागे, गाहे तव जयगाथा। जनगणमंगलदायक जय हे भारतभाग्यविधाता! जय हे, जय हे, जय हे, जय जय जय जय हे।। Jana Gana Mana by Rabindranath Tagore was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950. Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of India. Originally written in highly Sanskritized (Tatsama) Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911. The music for the present National Anthem was composed by Captain Ram Singh Thakur of the Subhash Chandra Bose led Indian National Army, as Qaumi Tarana of the INA at Singapore in 1943. A formal rendition of the national anthem takes fifty-three seconds. A shortened version consisting of the first and last lines (and taking about 20 seconds to play) is also staged occasionally. Tagore wrote down the English translation of the song and along with Margaret Cousins (an expert in European music and wife of Irish poet James Cousins), set down the notation which is followed till this day. National song: Vande Mataram "I Bow to Thee, Mother" Devanagari script वन्दे मातरम् । सुजलाम्, सुफलाम् , मलयज शीतलाम् शस्यश्यामलाम् मातरम् । वन्दे मातरम् । शुभ्रज्योत्स्ना पुलकितयामिनीम् ,फुल्लकुसुमित द्रुमदलशोभिनीम् सुहासिनीम् ,सुमधुर भाषिणीम् सुखदाम् वरदाम् मातरम् ।। वन्दे मातरम् । The first two verses of Vande Mataram by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was adopted as the National song of India in 1950. "Vande Mataram" was sung during the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress by Rabindranath Tagore. It was written in Bengali and Sanskrit. In 1950 (after India's independence), the song's first two verses were given the official status of the "national song" of the Republic of India, distinct from the national anthem of India Jana Gana Mana. The designation as "national song" predates independence, dating to 1937. At this date, the Indian National Congress discussed at length the status of the song. It was pointed out then that though the first two stanzas began with an unexceptionable evocation of the beauty of the motherland, in later stanzas there are references where the motherland is likened to the Hindu goddess Durga. Therefore, INC decided to adopt only the first two stanzas as the national song. National calendar: Saka calendar Month (Sanskrit)	Length	Start date (Gregorian) Chaitra 30/31	March 22* Vaishākha 31	April 21 Jyēshtha 31	May 22 Āshādha 31	June 22 Shrāvana 31	July 23 Bhaadra 31	August 23 Āshwin 30	September 23 Kārtika 30	October 23 Agrahayana 30	November 22 Pausha 30	December 22 Māgha 30	January 21 Phalguna 30	February 20 (* In leap years, Chaitra has 31 days and starts on March 21 instead. The months in the first half of the year all have 31 days, to take into account the slower movement of the sun across the ecliptic at this time.) The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. It is used, alongside the Gregorian calendar, by The Gazette of India, news broadcasts by All India Radio, and calendars and communications issued by the Government of India. The term may also ambiguously refer to the Hindu calendar, and the Saka era is commonly used by different calendars as well. The calendar was introduced by the Calendar Reform Committee in 1957, as part of the Indian Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, which also contained other astronomical data, as well as timings and formulae for preparing Hindu religious calendars, in an attempt to harmonise this practice. Despite this effort, local variations based on older sources such as the Surya Siddhanta may still exist. Usage officially started at Chaitra 1, 1879 Saka Era, or March 22, 1957. However, government officials seem to largely ignore the New Year's Day of this calendar in favour of the religious calendar. The names of the months are derived from older, Hindu lunisolar calendars, so variations in spelling exist, and there is a possible source of confusion as to what calendar a date belongs to. Years are counted in the Saka Era, which starts its year 0 in the year 78 of the Common Era. To determine leap years, add 78 to the Saka year - if the result is a leap year in the Gregorian calendar, then the Saka year is a leap year as well. Its structure is like the Persian calendar.

Oath of allegiance: National Pledge (India) It was Written in Telugu by Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao in 1962. Central Advisory Board on Education directed that the pledge to be sung in Schools and that this practice to be introduced by 26 January 1965. English version India is my country and all Indians are my brothers and sisters. I love my country and I am proud of its rich and varied heritage. I shall always strive to be worthy of it. I shall give respect to my parents, teachers and all elders and treat everyone with courtesy. To my country and my people, I pledge my devotion. In their well-being and prosperity alone lies my happiness. हिन्दी भारत मेरा देश है। सब भारतवासी मेरे भाई-बहन हैँ। मैँ अपने देश से प्रेम करता हूँ। इसकी समृद्ध एवं विविध संस्कृति पर मुझे गर्व है। मैँ सदा इसका सुयोग्य अधिकारी बनने का प्रयत्न करता रहूगाँ। मैँ अपने माता-पिता, शिक्षकोँ एवं गुरुजनोँ का सम्मान करुगाँ और प्रत्येक के साथ विनीत रहूगाँ। मैँ अपने देश और देशवासियोँ के प्रति सत्यनिष्ठा की प्रतिज्ञा करता हूँ। इनके कल्याण एवं समृद्धि मेँ ही मेरा सुख निहित है। National flower (Floral emblem): Indian lotus Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture. National fruit: Mango Mango is the national fruit of India. Described as the "Food of the Gods", in the sacred Vedas, the fruit is grown almost in all parts of India. Mango (Mangifera indica) originated in India and the country is home to more than 100 varieties of the fruit. National animal :Bengal tiger Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), the largest carnivore is found only in the Indian subcontinent and can be found in most regions of the country. Tiger is the National Animal of India. It is symbol of India's wildlife wealth. The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris, is a striped animal. National river: Ganga Ganga is the longest river of India with the most heavily populated river basin in the world. The river is revered by Hindus as the most sacred river on earth. National Tree: Indian Banyan Indian banyan (Ficus bengalensis) root themselves to form new trees and grow over large areas. Because of this characteristic and its longevity, this tree is considered immortal and is an integral part of the myths and legends of India. National aquatic animal: Ganges River Dolphin Gangetic Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is said to represent the purity of the holy Ganga River as it can only survive in pure and fresh water.

National bird: Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus White Peafowl Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus) is designated as the national bird of India. A bird indigenous to the subcontinent, peacock represents the unity of vivid colours and finds references in Indian culture.

National reptile: King cobra Ophiophagus Hannah National heritage mammal: Grey langur (Semnopithecus) National heritage animal: Indian elephant (Elephas Maximus Indicus) National Monument: India Gate National Game (unofficial): Field Hockey There's no national sports officially announced. Hockey is considered as the national sport of India. The Indian men's hockey team is the most successful hockey team in Olympic history with 8 gold, 1 silver, and 2 bronze medals. Indian hockey's golden era was from 1928-1956, when the Indian hockey team successively won six Olympic gold medals. Basra, Sukhwant (11 March 2008). "No National status, except in NCERT textbooks". Dna India. Retrieved 15 July 2008. The status of hockey as the national sport is not enshrined in any official proclamation by the Government of India. The NCERT textbook for Class XI does [...] state that India’s national game is hockey and that, in a way, does make for an official take on the issue. Citizens: Sports: Hockey". National Portrait of India. Government of India. Retrieved 22 July 2008. Hockey, the National Sport of the Country is one of the most religiously followed games in India. In 2012, official statements were published that hockey was not the national sport: "Hockey is not India's national game: Sports Ministry". NDTV sports. Press Trust of India. 2 August 2012. Mahanta, Bhaskar (28 September 2012). "What is the National Game of India?". India Times. Retrieved 7 May 2013. Shukla, Neha (2 August 2012). "Hockey is not our national game: Ministry". The Times of India. TNN.

Indian Standard Time: 82˚30’ East Indian Standard Time (IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a time offset of UTC+05:30. India does not observe Daylight Saving Time (DST) or other seasonal adjustments. In military and aviation time IST is designated E* ("Echo-Star"). Indian Standard Time is calculated on the basis of 82.5° E longitude, in Shankargarh Fort (25.15°N 82.58°E) (in Allahabad district in the state of Uttar Pradesh) which is nearly on the corresponding longitude reference line.

Founding Father Gandhi of India Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869–1948) is often referred to as the founding father of India. He was one of the top leaders of the Indian National Congress which struggled for independence from British rule and engineer in unifying various South Asian districts into one unified state to be called India. Vallabhbhai Patel, India's First Deputy Prime Minister and Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964), the first Prime Minister of India, are also considered founding fathers. It also refers to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956), the architect of the Indian constitution, also an educationist, prominent political figure and India's first law minister. Indian constitution provided constitutional guarantees and protections for a wide range of civil liberties for individual citizens, including freedom of religion, the abolition of untouchability and the outlawing of all forms of discrimination. The Constitution was adopted on 9 August 1949 by the Constituent Assembly. Abul Kalam Azad, first Minister of Education, who worked to prevent the partition of India. Azad also work to unite Muslims and Hindus in India. Although this usage is declining, when used in the plural, as the "Founding fathers" it usually refers to the members of the Constitutional Assembly's Draft Committee. National Flag Song विजयी विश्व तिरंगा प्यारा, झंडा ऊँचा रहे हमारा। सदा शक्ति बरसाने वाला, प्रेम सुधा सरसाने वाला वीरों को हरषाने वाला, मातृभूमि का तन-मन सारा, झंडा ऊचा रहे हमारा। स्वतंत्रता के भीषण रण में, लखकर जोश बढ़े क्षण-क्षण में, काँपे शत्रु देखकर मन में, मिट जावे भय संकट सारा, झंडा ऊँचा रहे हमारा। इस झंडे के नीचे निर्भय, हो स्वराज जनता का निश्चय, बोलो भारत माता की जय, स्वतंत्रता ही ध्येय हमारा, झंडा ऊँचा रहे हमारा। आओ प्यारे वीरों आओ, देश-जाति पर बलि-बलि जाओ, एक साथ सब मिलकर गाओ, प्यारा भारत देश हमारा, झंडा ऊँचा रहे हमारा। इसकी शान न जाने पावे, चाहे जान भले ही जावे, विश्व-विजय करके दिखलावे, तब होवे प्रण-पूर्ण हमारा, झंडा ऊँचा रहे हमारा। – श्यामलाल गुप्त पार्षद National instruments (music) (unofficial) Veena (vina) Semitonically fretted lute with a long, cylindrical shape, resting on two gourds.

National poet (unofficial) Rabindranath Tagore, Bankim Chatterjee, Kālidāsa, M. Govinda Pai, Kuvempu, G. S. Shivarudrappa.

National dances (unofficial) Bharatnatyam, Kathak, Odissi

National epic (unofficial) Mahabharata ,Ramayana, Tirukkural

National Information Letter: White Letter National Foreign Policy: Non-Alignment National Personification: Bhārat Mātā (unofficial) Bhārat Mātā is the national personification of India as a mother goddess. She is usually depicted as a woman clad in a saffron sari holding a flag, and sometimes accompanied by a lion.[51] The image of Bhāratmātā formed with the Indian independence movement of the late 19th century. A play by Kiran Chandra Bandyopadhyay, Bhārat Mātā, was first performed in 1873. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's 1882 novel Anandamath introduced the hymn "Vande Mātaram", which soon became the song of the emerging freedom movement in India. Bipin Chandra Pal insisted that elaborated its meaning in idealizing and idealist terms, along with Hindu philosophical traditions and devotional practices. It represented an archaic spiritual essence, a transcedental idea of Universe as well as expressing Universal Hinduism and nationhood. Abanindranath Tagore portrayed Bhārat Mātā as a four-armed Hindu goddess wearing saffron-coloured robes, holding a book, sheaves of rice, a mala, and a white cloth. The image of Bhāratmātā was an icon to create nationalist feeling in Indians during the freedom struggle. Sister Nivedita, an admirer of the painting, opined that the picture was refined and imaginative, with Bhāratmātā standing on green earth and blue sky behind her; feet with four lotuses, four arms meaning divine power; white halo and sincere eyes; and gifts Shiksha-Diksha-Anna-Bastra of motherland to her children.

National Festivals Republic Day (26 January, 1950) (6ek/k 1871) Independence Day (15 August, 1947) Gandhi Jayanti (2 October, 1869) National dish (unofficial) No officially anointed national dish; unofficially speaking, various types of curry. See here for a survey of important dishes from various states. Indian cuisine encompasses a wide variety of regional cuisines native to India. Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate and occupations, these cuisines vary significantly from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables and fruits. Indian food is also heavily influenced by religious and cultural choices and traditions. The development of these cuisines has been shaped by Dharmic beliefs, and in particular by vegetarianism, which is a growing dietary trend in Indian society. There has also been Central Asian influence on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule. Indian cuisine has been and is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies. Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations and colonialism have also played a role in introducing certain foods to the country. For instance, the potato, a staple of the Indian diet, was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chillies and breadfruit. Indian cuisine has also shaped the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe is often cited by historians as the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery. Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia. It has also influenced other cuisines across the world, especially those from Southeast Asia, the British Isles, and the Caribbean.

National language: None (unofficial: Hindi) Main article: Languages of India Neither the Constitution of India nor Indian law specifies a National language. India specifies Hindi and English as official languages of the India. Article 343 of the constitution specifies that the official language of the India is Hindi in Devanagari script. Article 354 states that a state of India may officially adopt one or more languages in use in the state or Hindi/English as the language or languages to be used for all or any of the official purposes of that state. Section 8 of The Official Languages Act of 1963 (as amended in 1967) empowers the Union Government to make rules regarding the languages which may be used for the Official purposes of the Union, for transaction of business in Parliament, and for communication between the Union Government and the states. Section 3 of G.S.R. 1053, titled "Rules, 1976 (As Amended, 1987)" specifies that communications from a Central (Union) Government office to a State or a Union Territory in shall, save in exceptional cases (Region "A") or shall ordinarily (Region "B"), be in Hindi, and if any communication is issued to any of them in English it shall be accompanied by a Hindi translation thereof. Section 3 of G.S.R. 1053, titled "Rules, 1976 states Communications from a Central Government office to State or Union Territory in Region "C" or to any office (not being a Central Government office) or person in such State shall be in English. Region C (South India) covers Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Capital	New Delhi 28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E

Largest city	Mumbai

Official languages	•	Hindi •	English •	Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of the Union. English is an additional co-official language for Government work.

Recognised regional languages	8th Schedule(22) •	Assamese •	Bengali •	Bodo •	Dogri •	Gujarati •	Hindi •	Kannada •	Kashmiri •	Konkani •	Maithili •	Malayalam •	Manipuri •	Marathi •	Nepali •	Oriya •	Punjabi •	Sanskrit •	Santali •	Sindhi •	Tamil •	Telugu •	Urdu

National language None(Unofficial: Hindi) Demonym Indian

Government Federal Parliamentary Constitutional Republic

Legislature	Parliament of India

Upper house Rajya Sabha

Lower house Lok Sabha

Independence from the United Kingdom

Dominion 15 August 1947 Republic 26 January 1950 Date format	dd-mm-yyyy (CE) Drives on the	left

Calling code +91

ISO 3166 code IN

Internet TLD .in other TLDs •	.ভাৰত •	.ভারত •	.ભારત •	.भारत •	.ਭਾਰਤ •	.இந்தியா •	.భారత్ •	بھارت.

Extereme Points of India Heading	Location	Administrative entity	Bordering entity	Coordinates North (disputed, administered)	Near Indira Col, Siachen Glacier Indian-administered Kashmir Xinjiang, China 35.674520°N 76.845245°E

North (disputed, claimed)	Dafdar in the Taghdumbash Pamir near Beyik Pass Xinjiang, China Wakhan Corridor, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan 37°24′00″N  75°24′00″E

North (undisputed)	Near Dharwas, Chamba district Himachal Pradesh Indian-administered Kashmir 33.24902°N 76.82704°E

South	Indira Point in the Nicobar Islands Andaman and Nicobar Islands Indian Ocean 6.74678°N 93.84260°E

South (mainland)	Cape Comorin near Kanyakumari Tamil Nadu Indian Ocean 8.06890°N 77.55230°E

East (disputed, administered)	Kibithu in Anjaw district Arunachal Pradesh Tibet, China 28.01744°N 97.40238°E

East (undisputed)	Near Kumki, in the Changlang district Arunachal Pradesh Kachin State, Myanmar 27.12622°N 97.16712°E

West	Guhar Moti in Kutch, near the Sir Creek Gujarat Arabian Sea 23.71307°N 68.03215°E

Extremity	Name	Altitude	Location	State	Coordinates Highest (undisputed)	Kanchenjunga 8,586 m (28,169 ft)	North Sikkim on the India-Nepal border	Sikkim 27.70250°N 88.14833°E

Highest (disputed)	K2 8,611 m (28,251 ft)	Border between Kashmir and Xinjiang Northern Areas Pakistan 35.88250°N 76.51333°E

Highest (undisputed and entirely within India)	Nanda Devi 7,816 m (25,643 ft)	Garhwal Himalaya Uttarakhand 30.37667°N 79.97083°E

Lowest	Kuttanad −2.2 m (−7.2 ft)	Alappuzha district Kerala 9.15360°N 76.47300°E