User:Agbakshi/Saguaro Cactus/Bibliography

Introduction
The Saguaro Cactus, scientifically known as Carnegiea gigantea, is a large cactus that grows primarily in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona, USA, and Sonora, Mexico. This cactus is famous for its tall, tree-like form, which can reach over 40 feet in height. Saguaros are easily recognizable by their upward-reaching arms, which can number over 25 in mature plants.

Physical Characteristics
Saguaros have a long lifespan, often exceeding 150 years. They grow slowly, taking up to 75 years to develop a side arm. The cactus' skin is waxy, and its flesh contains many ribbed supports that help it expand during rainfall, storing large amounts of water. During drought, their pleats can be deeply shadowed due to contraction.

Each Saguaro's flower blooms for less than 24 hours. The flowers are white and bloom in late spring to early summer. They are self-incompatible, and thus require cross-pollination from different genetic individuals. The fruits are red, fleshy, and ripen in July; they attract various birds and wildlife.

Distribution and Habitat
The Saguaro Cactus is endemic to the Sonoran Desert. It thrives in hot climates without much frost. The Saguaro does not handle cold weather well and can die if temperatures fall below freezing for an extended period.

Ecological Role
The Saguaro Cactus provides essential support for desert ecosystems. It offers food and shelter to a variety of desert dwellers, including birds like the Gila Woodpecker, which creates nesting holes in older saguaros. These cavities are later used by other species as well.

Cultural Significance
The Saguaro has been an important plant to Indigenous peoples of the Sonoran Desert area, such as the Tohono O'odham, who use the fruit for food and traditional ceremonies. The iconic silhouette of the Saguaro is also a common symbol of the American Southwest, appearing in many forms of media and art.

Conservation Status
While not currently listed as endangered, the Saguaro Cactus faces threats from climate change and urban expansion. Conservation efforts are focused on protecting its natural habitat and preventing over-collection.