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This article is about the country. For other uses, see Japan (disambiguation). "Nippon" redirects here. For other uses, see Nippon (disambiguation). For an overview of Japanese topics, see the Outline of Japan. See also the Index of Japan-related articles and the Japan portal. Japan 日本国 Nippon-koku Nihon-koku Centered red circle on a white rectangle. Golden circle subdivided by golden wedges with rounded outer edges and thin black outlines. Flag	Imperial Seal Anthem: "Kimigayo" "君が代" Government Seal of Japan Seal of the Office of the Prime Minister and the Government of Japan 五七桐 (Go-Shichi no Kiri?)

Capital	Tokyo 35°41′N 139°46′E Official languages	None[1] Recognised regional languages Aynu itak Ryukyuan languages Eastern Japanese Western Japanese several other Japanese dialects National language	Japanese Ethnic groups ([2]) 98.5% Japanese 0.5% Korean 0.4% Chinese 0.6% other Demonym	Japanese Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy - 	Emperor	Akihito - 	Prime Minister	Shinzō Abe Legislature	National Diet - 	Upper house	House of Councillors - 	Lower house	House of Representatives Formation - 	National Foundation Day	11 February 660 BC[3] - 	Meiji Constitution	29 November 1890 - 	Current constitution	3 May 1947 - 	San Francisco Peace Treaty	28 April 1952 Area - 	Total	377,944 km2[4] (62nd) 145,925 sq mi - 	Water (%)	0.8 Population - 	2012 estimate	126,659,683[5] (10th) - 	2010 census	128,056,026[6] - 	Density	337.1/km2 (36th) 873.1/sq mi GDP (PPP)	2013 estimate - 	Total	$4.729 trillion[7] (4th) - 	Per capita	$37,135[7] (22nd) GDP (nominal)	2013 estimate - 	Total	$5.007 trillion[7] (3rd) - 	Per capita	$39,321[7] (23rd) Gini (2008)	37.6[8] medium HDI (2013)	Increase 0.912[9] very high · 10th Currency	Yen (¥) / En 円 (JPY) Time zone	JST (UTC+9) - 	Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+9) Date format yyyy-mm-dd yyyy年m月d日 Era yy年m月d日 (CE−1988) Drives on the	left Calling code	+81 ISO 3166 code	JP Internet TLD	.jp You may need rendering support to display the Japanese text in this article correctly. Japan Listeni/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 About this sound Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally "[the] State of Japan") is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun". Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, which together comprise about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 126 million people. Honshū's Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents. Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. From the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shogunates in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a long period of isolation in the early 17th century, which was only ended in 1853 when a United States fleet pressured Japan to open to the West. Nearly two decades of internal conflict and insurrection followed before the Meiji Emperor was restored as head of state in 1868 and the Empire of Japan was proclaimed, with the Emperor as a divine symbol of the nation. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected legislature called the Diet. A major economic power,[2] Japan has the world's third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the world's fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the world's fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer. Although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the fifth largest military budget,[10] used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. After Singapore, Japan has the lowest homicide rate (including attempted homicide) in the world.[11] According to Japan's health ministry, Japanese women have the second highest life expectancy of any country in the world.[12] According to the United Nations, Japan also has the third lowest infant mortality rate.[13][14] Contents [hide] 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Prehistory and ancient history 2.2 Feudal era 2.3 Modern era 3 Government and politics 4 Foreign relations and military 5 Administrative divisions 6 Geography 6.1 Climate 6.2 Biodiversity 6.3 Environment 7 Economy 7.1 Economic history 7.2 Exports 7.3 Imports 7.4 Science and technology 7.5 Infrastructure 8 Demographics 8.1 Religion 8.2 Languages 8.3 Education 8.4 Health 9 Culture 9.1 Art 9.2 Music 9.3 Literature 9.4 Cuisine 9.5 Sports 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links