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Depression:
Depression (major depressive disorder) is the state of low mood and reluctance to activity that causes a constant feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It can affect person thoughts, behavior, incentive, feelings and sense of satisfaction and lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. Depressed person may have trouble in day to day normal activities and thinks that life is nothing. Depression is not a weakness we cannot simply bounce back of it. Depression may require long-term treatment. Chronic depression often leads to suicide. Women are more prone to depression than men .The second leading cause of death in the age group of 15-29 years is suicide because of depression.


 * Symptoms Common symptoms include:
 * •Sadness and unhappiness
 * •Lack of energy
 * •Tiredness
 * •Trouble in focusing or concentrating
 * •Physical problem
 * •Anger and thoughts to suicide to ends his life
 * •Emptiness and hopelessness
 * •Loss of interest in pleasurable or fun activities
 * •Discomfort and irritability
 * •Sleep disturbance (too much or too little)
 * •Craving unhealthy foods and weight gain •Anxiety and agitation  •Isolation and chronic pain


 * Causes: We don’t know exactly what causes depression. As with many mental  disorder, variety of factors may be involved, such as:


 * 1) Biological differences:  People with depression appear to have physical changes in their brains. The significance of these changes is still unpredictable, but may ultimately help identify causes.
 * 2) Hormones:  Changes in the body's balance of hormones may be involved in causing or provoke depression. Hormone changes can result with pregnancy and during the weeks or months after delivery (postpartum) and from thyroid problems, menopause or a number of other conditions.
 * 3) Inherited traits:  Depression is more common in people whose blood relatives also have this condition. Analysts are trying to find genes that may be involved in causing depression.
 * 4) Brain chemistry:  Neurotransmitters are naturally turn out brain chemicals that likely play a role in depression. Recent research specify that changes in the function and effect of these neurotransmitters and how they interact with neurocircuits involved in maintaining mood stability may play a significant role in depression and its treatment.


 * Precautions: There's no sure way to prevent depression. However, these strategies may help:  •Take steps to control stress, to increase your resilience and boost your self-esteem.  •Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you weather rough spells.  •Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent depression from worsening.  •Consider getting long-term preservation treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.
 * Obstacles: Depression is a serious disorder that can take a terrible toll on you and your family. Depression often gets bad if it isn't treated, resulting in emotional, behavioral and health problems that affect every area of your life.  Examples of obstacles associated with depression include:


 * Excess weight or obesity, which can lead to heart disease and diabetes
 * Pain or physical illness
 * Alcohol or drug misuse
 * Anxiety, panic disorder or social phobia
 * Family conflicts, relationship difficulties, and work or school problems
 * Social seperation
 * Suicidal feelings, suicide attempts or suicide
 * Self-mutilation, such as cutting
 * Before time death from medical conditions


 * Depression in kids: It is normal for your child to feel sad at times. It doesn’t necessarily mean they have depression. But if the sadness doesn’t go away or interferes with school work and everyday life tell your doctor. Let them know if your child getting angry too. This is another possible sign of depression.  Other symptoms include:


 * Changes in appetite
 * Sleeplessness or excessive sleep
 * Fatigue or low energy See a doctor or mental health specialist only they can find out whether your child has a mood disorder. If your child is diagnosed with depression, treatments like talk therapy and antidepressants could help.


 * Depression in women: Depression in women is very common. Women are twice as likely to have depression then men. Hormones and depression in women may also be linked. Researchers have shown hormones directly effects the brain chemistry controlling emotions and mood. For example, depression in women is particularly common after giving birth, when hormonal and physical changes, along with the new responsibility of caring for a newborn, can be overwhelming. It may be related to the hormonal changes women have throughout life. Some things can raise your chances, including physical or sexual abuse, or loss of parent as a child. Some common treatments are antidepressants, talk therapy and regular exercise.  If you think you may be depressed talk to someone about your feeling and get the help you need.
 * Factors for Depression in Women
 * •Family or personal history of mood disorders
 * •Loss of a parent before the age of ten
 * •History of childhood physical or sexual abuse
 * •Use of an oral contraceptive, especially one with a high progesterone content
 * •Use of gonadotropin stimulants as part of infertility treatment •Continuously psychosocial stressors (e.g., loss of job)
 * •Loss of social support system or the threat of such a loss
 * Depression in men: Male depression is a serious medical condition, but many men try to ignore it or refuse treatment.  When depression occurs in men, it may be masked by unhealthy coping behavior. Male depression usually gets better with treatment.
 * Men with depression may:
 * •Feel sad, hopeless or empty
 * •Feel intensively tired
 * •Have difficulty sleeping or sleep too much
 * •Not get happiness from activities usually enjoyed
 * Other behaviors in men that could be signs of depression :
 * •Escapist behavior, such as spending a lot of time at work or on sports
 * •Physical symptoms, such as headaches, digestive problems and pain
 * •Problems with alcohol or drug use
 * •Controlling, violent or abusive behavior
 * •Irritability or inappropriate anger
 * •Risky behavior, such as reckless driving
 * Depression rate: According to the Global study of World Health Organization 2017 the depression rate of the world is 41%.


 * 1) West Pacific region        21%
 * 2) African region                 9%
 * 3) East Med region             16%
 * 4) European region             12%
 * 5) Americas                          15%
 * 6) SE Asia region                  27%

According to 2017 global research, 350 million people of all ages suffers from depression. Out of which only 10% are effectively treated.