User:Aishwarya Benny George/sandbox

INTRODUCTION
Alkaloids and their synthetic derivatives are used as basic medicinal agents for analgesic and bactericidal effects. The presence of phenolic compounds in the mushroom species may be the reason for the antifungal, antiseptic and therapeutic properties. The nutritive value indicates the presence of moisture content, lipid content and dry matter contents in the mushroom sample. The presence of these compounds in the mushroom serves as a source of life and energy and is suitable for diet formulation. So mushroom included food gives a good source of fiber and fat. Fat content is very low, so it does not cause any diseases. The presence of moisture content is high in the edible species were as the amount of protein is high in wild species. These mushrooms possess a good amount of antioxidant substances like phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin-c. Antioxidants are molecules that can neutralize the free radicals by accepting or donating n electron to eliminate the unpaired condition and protecting the damage caused by free radicals. Mushrooms that contain antioxidant or increase antioxidant enzyme activity may be used to reduce oxidative damage in humans. So mushroom protects our cell from biological injury and also prevents aging and diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and cirrhosis. Certain mushrooms show antimicrobial properties and few are rich sources of natural antibiotics.

ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES
Mushrooms themselves need antibacterial and antifungal compounds to survive in their natural environment. So antimicrobial compounds isolated from mushroom mycelia are a benefit for humans. So its medicinal value has much importance in the pharmaceutical industry. Data obtained in this research clearly shows that wild and edible mushrooms contain phytochemical compounds that are necessary for a healthy body. But most of the wild mushroom is poisonous and not consumed. Mushroom could be utilized as a cheap source of proteins, energy, minerals and antioxidant supplements for both man and livestock. The various antioxidant mechanisms of the mushroom species extract may be attributed to strong hydrogen-donating ability, a metal chelating ability and their effectiveness as good scavengers of superoxide and free radicals. The recent changes in lifestyle or environmental factors such as pollution, radiation, cigarette smoke, and herbicides can generate free radicals among people. Thus, this can cause further oxidative stress responsible for DNA, protein, membrane damage and contribute to current non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although antioxidant defense and repair systems are available in humans and other organisms to protect them against oxidative damage, these systems are insufficient to totally prevent the damage. The compounds seem to the free radicals generated in normal natural metabolism of aerobic cells, mostly in the form of reactive oxygen species(ROS). These include tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, certain pollutants, organic solvents, and pesticides. Once in circulation, most of the free radicals are neutralized by the cellular antioxidant defense enzyme eg: Superoxide dismutase(SOD). Mushrooms played an important role in a number of aspects of human activity. For starters, edible mushrooms are extensively used in cooking and form part of low calorie diet. Mushrooms are mushrooms whose fruiting bodies naturally occur after rain in large amounts in forest and farm lands. Mushrooms are macro-pillows with a distinctive fruity body.The proof that the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms is an evolving issue and topic for researchers and clinicians from around the world. In general, treatment of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa with existing drugs is becoming increasingly difficult. To balance the disadvantages of the anti-microbial drugs available

CONCLUSION
Mushroom could be utilized as a cheap source of proteins, energy, minerals and antioxidant supplements for both men and livestock. The various antioxidant mechanisms of the mushroom species extract may be attributed to strong hydrogen-donating ability, a metal chelating ability and their effectiveness as good scavengers of superoxide and free radicals. The antioxidant property of mushrooms is due to the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The above study shows the presence of the above-mentioned compounds which need a healthy world. Therefore, the consumption of wild and edible mushrooms might be beneficial to protect the human body against oxidative damage, microbial activity, malnutrition etc. This study also reveals that mushrooms act as a good and antibacterial agent. This study helps us to compare the wild and edible mushrooms. It was found out that in some cases wild mushrooms have more useful values but since they are poisonous they are not consumable. Antioxidant compounds prevent oxidative damage related to aging and diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer and cirrhosis. Mushrooms are rich sources of natural antibiotics and of high nutritional value. From this study, it can be concluded that mushroom has a large number of beneficial properties.

REFERENCE
1. Mushur, Quel “Anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities of culinary-medicinal mushroom”,pp no:52-57, 2002.