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IBM was founded in 1911 in Endicott, New York as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924.

IBM is incorporated in New York and has operations in over 170 countries.

In the 1880s, technologies emerged that would form the core of International Business Machines (IBM).

Julius E. Pitrap patented the computing scale in 1885; Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888); Herman Hollerith (1860–1929) patented the Electric Tabulating Machine; and Willard Bundy invented a time clock to record workers' arrival and departure times on a paper tape in 1889.

On June 16, 1911, their four companies were amalgamated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint forming a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) based in Endicott, New York.

The five companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and Toronto.