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= Pacific Coast Pipeline = The Pacific Coast Pipeline superfund site was a former Texaco oil refinery and crude oil storage facility located on 55 acres in Fillmore, CA. Refinery wastes were improperly disposed of and dumped into unlined waste pits from 1915 to 1950. In 1981, Texaco proposed to use refinery wastes to resurface roads on the property, but upon inspection, the Los Angeles Regional Water Control Board detected lead in the soil on the site and ordered a further investigation.

Texaco completed an environmental impact assessment in 1984, where lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were found to be present in the soil and volatile organic compounds such as benzene and toluene had seeped into the groundwater supply beneath the property. Clean up efforts began in 1986 and are still ongoing today.

Remediation Efforts
Chevron began cleaning the site in 1986 after completing their environmental impact assessment. In 1989, the Environmental Protection Agency added the Pacific Coast Pipeline to the National Priorities List and began their remedial investigation into the property in 1992. The clean up of the site is currently being completed by Chevron, with oversight by the EPA.

Soil Remediation Efforts
The main contaminants within the soil at the site were lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons due to improper waste disposal. In 1986, Texaco began remediation and removed over 38,000 tons of waste and contaminated soils.

Since 2011, the EPA's remedy for the soil contamination includes : Restoration of the site was believed to be nearly finished in 2014, however more contaminated soil was found. The EPA directed Chevron to excavate 500 cubic yards of contaminated soil and dispose of it in concrete caps on the property. After this disposal, the surface soil treatment of the upper layer of soil was considered finished in 2014, but treatment of the deep soils and routine testing of soils is still ongoing.
 * 1) Excavation of contaminated soil and disposal in an on-site consolidation area
 * 2) A multi-layer cap over the consolidation area in order to prevent direct contact
 * 3) Institutional controls to limit property use

Groundwater Remediation Efforts
Petroleum related chemicals, such as benzene and toluene, seeped into the aquifer due to improper storage and have contaminated groundwater plumes beneath the site. In 1992, the EPA began pumping and treating groundwater and reduce benzene concentrations in the plumes by 90%, however, this was still not up to drinking water standards. The EPA shut down the pumping and treatment facility in 2002 and had Texaco install extraction wells and vapor extraction systems to remove benzene that still remained in the groundwater.

Since 2011, the EPA's current remedy for the groundwater contamination includes : Routine sampling by 22 wells that monitor the concentration and movement of benzene has shown that benzene concentrations have been decreasing since remediation began. Since 2015, over 38 pounds of benzene and 24 pounds of toluene have been removed from contaminated groundwater. Currently, there are two contaminated groundwater plumes underneath the site, however, the impacted areas are not a source of drinking water for Fillmore and the plumes are too deep to be considered a health risk.
 * 1) air sparging and soil vapor extraction: injection of air into contaminated groundwater in the plume to continue the breakdown of contamination; followed by
 * 2) enhanced bioremediation: circulation of groundwater in the plume to continue the breakdown of contamination; followed by
 * 3) monitored natural attenuation: allowing bacteria that live in the groundwater to remove the remaining contamination; followed by
 * 4) institutional controls to prohibit groundwater use until clean up levels are met

Future Work
As of January 2018, the EPA had filed a Notice of Intent for Partial Deletion for the Pacific Coast Pipeline superfund site due to the successful completion of soil clean up requirements. The site will still remain in the Superfund program due to the polluted groundwater under the site – which will take decades to complete the clean up.

The EPA will continually test the Pacific Coast Pipeline every 5 years to ensure it is free from any contaminants. The successful soil clean up efforts allows the land to be used for commercial or recreational use, however, no residential areas or schools can reside on the prior superfund site. After partial deletion from the superfund site list, Chevron plans to lease the site to Cenergy Power to build the Ventura Solar Project but will still continue groundwater remediation efforts at the site.