User:Ajgorhoe/sandbox/Subpage

Sandbox Subpage: This is a subpage of my Sandbox, used in particular for preparation of new articles. See also My Deleted Articles. Ajgorhoe (talk) 12:19, 31 January 2016 (UTC)


 * List of .NET libraries and frameworks (actual article) - on WayBackMachine
 * AOMEI Backupper - on WayBackMachine

= Interesting references = Interesting references to use in articles:

Blockchain & applications like cryptocurrencies:
 * Blockchain is useful for a lot more than just Bitcoin

= Comtrade =

= Manipulation =
 * Čredni nagon - glej za koristne povezave.
 * Herd instinct
 * Crowd manipulation
 * Brainwashing

=International Project Management Association=

The International Project Management Association (IPMA) was founded in Europe in 1967, as a federation of several national project management associations. IPMA maintains its federal structure today and now includes member associations on every continent except Antarctica. IPMA offers a four level certification program based on the IPMA competence baseline (ICB). The ICB covers technical, contextual, and behavioral competencies.

To include

 * Comparison of the European Commission's project cycle management/logical framework approach with international PM standards and methodologies
 * Comparing PM certifications (can also be included in IPMA article):
 * The management of research and development activities - Encyclopedia Britanica
 * Program Evaluation and Review Technique - example of further details

= Social media =

To be palaced below Social_media

Abuse for promoting violence, hate speech and for oppression of liberties
Since 2010, a positive role of social media in democratic movements in various societies has often been emphasized, a prominent example being the Arab spring. For some time, a prevailing view was that social media will play a significant role in accelerated democratization in countries with authoritarian regimes and contribute to improvement of general awareness regarding human rights.

However, it was later becoming more evident that social media can as well serve for stirring violence, spreading intolerance and promotion of authoritatian rulers.

A paper by University of Warwick researchers found that Facebook usage was linked to anti-refugee attacks in Germany. In a 2017 article, Bloomberg describes how Philippine government uses Facebook as a tool in campaigns to destroy its critics.

Examples where Social media still plays a positive role

 * Venezuelan Crisis:

The above examples does not mean that in certain circumstances social media can not play a positive role in opposing regime repression. As of beginning of 2019, a recent crisis in Venezuela shows how social media may be used to access information in situations where regime imposes severe censorship on media and information, and can be used by people to spread information about regime's violent actions.

The Venezuelan government has responded by trying to block access to some social media and in general to web sites publishing information that is not supportive to the government (including Wikipedia). This kind of response has intensified during the presidential crisis in January 2019.

Blocking of social media or even complete shutdown of the internet occurred around elections and other events in several African countries. According to the 2016 International Policy Digest article and the Freedom House, no African country had access to free, local media in 2015, and many countries have restrictive media laws which allow the encroachment upon freedom of press and speech. Therefore, the importance of social media as a means of communication and source of information is growing and such media are often targeted by the government.

In 2011, Egypt was cut off from the internet and social media for political reasons.

In January 2015, government in the Democratic Republic of Congo cut the internet and SMS services for several days while the population protested against President Joseph Kabila. Presidential elections in the country were scheduled for 27th November 2016 but were carried out only in December 2019. In the Republic of Congo, elections were held in March 2016 with a 48 hours’ blackout of internet, telephone and SMS services. The incumbent resident Denis Sassou Nguesso was again elected into the office which he, has occupied since 1979, apart from a five-year break. In April 2015, social media was disconnected for several days in Burundi when protests arose president Pierre Nkurunziza announced that he would be running for a third term in office, which was regarded unconstitutional. Nkurunziza suppressed the protest and remained in office. The government of Uganda cut telecommunication services on election day in February 2016 and in May during the inauguration of President Yoweri Museveni for his fifth presidential term. Kenya, Egypt, Central African Republic and Niger also experienced temporary outages of social media during elections. From April 2016, the day of the presidential election, to December 2, 2016, there was a government-ordered blackout of social media platforms and messaging applications in Chad, costing more than 18 million euros to the Chadian economy. Shutdown of social media platforms and messaging services in Chad was also reported in April 2018, along with blocking important news website such as BBC.

Following the 2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo election, the country's government has shut down the internet for 20 days, since December 31 till January 20 2018. It also blocked the signal of Radio France Internationale and cut the SMS services. While government officials stated that internet and SMS services were cut to preserve public order after fictious results began circulating on social media, opposition activists said the true reason was to prevent people circulating information that could allow the official count to be challenged when it is announced.


 * Template:

= Blazor =

Blazor is a web UI framework based on C#, Razor, and HTML that runs in the web browsers via WebAssembly. Blazor was designed to simplify the task of building fast single-page applications that run in any browser. It enables web developers to write .NET-based web apps that run client-side in web browsers using open web standards.

Considerations

 * physical properties:
 * Friction versus adhesion. Adhesive contact: sticks; while frictional doesn't (can be easily detached)

Some helpful links
Reviews:
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 
 * 

Inspiration from nature:
 * A biologically inspired tape uses some of nature's tricks to stick - phys.org
 * How stick insects honed friction to grip without sticking - phys.org
 * Oh, what a feeling - dancing on the ceiling!


 * Engineers create gecko-inspired, high-friction micro-fibers Engineers create gecko-inspired, high-friction micro-fibers
 * Engineers create gecko-inspired, high-friction micro-fibers


 * Improving controllable adhesion on both rough and smooth surfaces with a hybrid electrostatic/gecko-like adhesive
 * [Frog feet could solve a sticky problem]


 * Subdigital setae of chameleon feet: Friction-enhancing microstructures for a wide range of substrate roughness


 * Friction
 * Friction - Real-life applications
 * Key terms

Static friction in metal forming processes - PhD thesis

- Surface design for High and Low friction - PhD thesis

Article:
Sticky pad is a friction device used to prevent objects from sliding on a surface, by effectively increasing the friction between the object and the surface.

Sticky pads are used to fix items to otherwise smooth surface that is leaned or that moves, so that objects put on that surface could off due to insufficient friction when the surface inclines or moves. The pad has large friction coefficient both with the base surface and with the item laid on it, which prevent both the sticky pad from moving with respect to the surface, and objects laid on the pad from moving relative to the pad. Sticky pads are commonly used on car dashboards where forces caused by acceleration of the vehicle would cause objects put on dashboards slip off the otherwise smooth surface of the dashboard.

Contrary to fasteners, sticky pads do not affix objects to the surface. They merely prevent objects from slipping on the surface until the threshold acceleration or inclination angle is exceeded. Sticky pads also usually don't make use of adhesives. Because of this they are easily detached form the surface, and they need gravity to serve their purpose. In particular, the force acting on the object must have a component perpendicular on the surface and directed towards it. This is different from Microsuction tape where adhesion of object is achieved by microscopic bubbles on the surface that function as small suction cups. Sticky pads are made of rubber-like materials. This help dissipate kinetic energy when the base surface vibrates, such that object on the pad keep maintaining large enough contact surface with the pad and tangential friction forces keep preventing objects from slipping relative to the pad.

Principle of operation
Although basic principles of sticky pads are simple, physics behind may be complex due to many specific and sometimes conflicting requirements arising from practical use. Mechanisms involved in high friction materials go beyond simple Coulomb friction. These can be combined by other mechanisms such as energy dissipation in viscous materials or adhesion.

The above requirements impose many design challenges. To operate well on vibrating surfaces, pads are usually made of soft, rubber like materials with very high friction coefficients. Designs seek to achieve certain level of adhesion (e.g. for use on vertical or very steep surfaces) without compromising easy detachment and continuous use without residual left-over. Some applications (such as sticking smartphones or tablets to vertical surface) require high degree of reliability, which is difficult to achieve without strong sticking to the surfaces.

Various innovative approaches and engineered materials are used to keep in line with requirements. Some designs apply sticking based on vacuum in addition to high friction and softness (see e.g. micro-suction tapes). Other development includes designs that find inspiration in nature, especially in animals that are able to climb walls and ceilings such as geckos, various species of insects , tree frogs , or chameleons .

Mechanisms of insects that can scale walls and ceilings help understand how to produce surfaces with extremely high friction that don't exhibit too much sticking for practical applications. Abilities of geckos have been intensively studied to find out how sticking of vertical walls or ceilings can be joined with ability of easy and quick detachment that enables geckos quick movement. It has been discovered that Van der Waals force rather than friction or adhesion is the most important mechanism behing gecko's abilities. This implies that artificial designs mimicking geckos' feet should rely on maximizing surface contact between object and the pad, which is less practical in some situations, for example when pads are used on non-flat surfaces or when objects put on the pad don't have flat surfaces. On the other hand, mechanisims in geckos' feet help design materials with reliable sticking and easy detachment at the same time. Mechanisms used in geckos, tree frogs and some insects were also studied for self-cleaning ability, which would enable artificial materials retain the ability to prevent sliding after continuous use in dirty environments.

Article:
Microsuction tape is is a device for sticking objects to surfaces such as furniture, dashboards, walls, etc. One side is usually attached to the base surface by a classical adhesive. Objects are attached to another side by pressing them against the tape. They stick to the tape due to small bubbles (cavities) on the surface of the tape. These contain air, which is squeezed out when surface of an object is pressed against the surface of the tape. Due to sealing properties of the material, when object is pulled off the surface, vacuum is created in the cavities. Due to external air pressure, this creates a force that prevents the object from being removed from the surface, a mechanism being similar as in suction cup.

History
The PM2 methodology was developed in 2007, and the first version was released via the PM2 Wiki in 2008. Some milestones in the development of methodology include:
 * 2007: Introduction of roles and responsibilitied for IT projects.
 * 2008: Introduction of PM²
 * 2009: Pilot implementation of PM²
 * 2009 Project management courses for PM²
 * 2011: Endorsement by CTI.
 * 2012: Release of the PM² Training Programme for IT Projects
 * 2012: Release of the PM² Guide, 1st Edition (PDF)
 * 2012: Training Courses for Business Managers
 * 2013: Release of the PM² Methodology 2.0 and the PM² Guide, 2st Edition (PDF)
 * 2013: Introduction of PM² Certification Level-2
 * 2014: Release of Agile@EC
 * 2016: Release of Agile@EC Guide, 1st Edition
 * 2015: Release of the PM² Methodology Guide ver. 2.5
 * 2016: Release of the the PM² Guide, Open Edition

Overview of PM2
PM² is the official project management methodology of the European Commission (EC). It incorporated elements from a range of widely accepted best practices in project management, and builds heavily on PMBOK, Prince2, IPMA-ICB, CMMI, TEMPO, and operational experience from EC institutions. In essence, the PM² methodology provides:
 * Project governance structure
 * Process guidelines
 * Artefact templates
 * Guidelines for using the artefacts
 * Set of effective mindsets

References - explicit
Check Point Threat Intelligence Research Team: FIREBALL – The Chinese Malware of 250 Million Computers Infected    Second reference:

John Leyden: Goodness gracious, great Chinese 'Fireball' malware infects 250m systems worldwide Third reference:

David Z. Morris: Chinese ‘Fireball’ Malware Infects 250 Million Computers

Andy Greenberg: Hack Brief: Dangerous 'Fireball' Adware Infects a Quarter Billion PCs

Larry Loeb: Fireball Malware Explodes Around the World

= AOMEI Backupper = Aomei Backupper a freemium disk backup, recovery and cloning software for Windows operating systems (versions 7 to 10) developed by Aomei Tech.

It is distributed as free Standard edition, Pro edition, Server Edition (aimed for server backups) and Technician Edition (aimed for consultants providing charged technical services and for companies with many computers).

Features
The standard edition complete backup and restore of disks (including system disks), partitions, files and folders. It provides ability of scheduled, incremental and differential backups. Feature called universal restore enables migration of an operating system to physical computers or virtual machines with dissimilar hardware. System and data backups make use of the Microsoft's VSS technology, which enables creating backups without interrupting running applications. Software can create a bootable recovery optical disk (or just its ISO image) based either on Linux or on Windows PE (either legacy BIOS or UEFI-bootable). Language support includes English, French, German, Japanese, Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese languages.

The software's site has extensive help pages that guide users through desired tasks.

XWT - External Links

 * XWT web page
 * |WTK at Google Code
 * XWT Documentation at Eclipse
 * Build Cross Platform Applications with Xwt - a review of XWT at InfoQ
 * Mono/XWT on GitHub
 * ReadMe
 * The Making of Xamarin Studio - on use of XWT in development of Xamarin Studio IDE, by Miguel de Icaza
 * Xwt, a cross-desktop UI library - a slide show at SlideShare
 * Author's blog on XWT

Material
GUI builders:
 * XWT Visual Design Editor (VDE)
 * XWT XML Designer XWT XML Designer
 * XWT XML Designer
 * Proposal for WindowBuilder - a GUI Builder for Eclipse (software), capable of developing XWT GUIs.

Features Here are some details about what’s currently supported by XWT:

XWT currently supports 3 backends with different level of development: GTK, Cocoa (Mac) and WPF (Windows). XWT can instantiate more than one backend at a time, and run those side by side (with some limitations). For example, you can have XWT use Gtk and Cocoa in the same application, depending on what is hosting your code. The basic widget library is mostly complete. It has a drawing API, very similar to Cairo. There is no visual designer yet, nor any markup language for representing windows. My plan is to use XAML or a simplified version of it. XWT can be extended in different ways. Applications can create subclasses of XWT widgets, or create new widgets. New backends can be plugged into XWT Existing backends can be extended The API is not yet stable and can change at any time.

Final Article: XWT (toolkit)
Xwt is a .NET cross-platform user interface toolkit. It enables building GUI-based desktop applications that run on multiple platforms without having to customizing code for different platforms. Xwt API is mapped to a set of native controls on each supported platform. Features that are not available on specific platforms are emulated by using native widgets, which is referred to as hosting in the Xwt context. Xwt was partially used as GUI toolkit (beside GTK#) in the development of the Xamarin Studio.

Xwt creates an engine at runtime that will map API calls to the underlying platform. The following engines are currently supported:
 * Windows: WPF engine, Gtk engine (using Gtk#)
 * MacOS X: Cocoa engine (using MonoMac) and Gtk engine (using Gtk#)
 * Linux: Gtk engine (using Gtk#)

Final article: XWT (disambiguation)
XWT may refer to:
 * XWT, a cross-platform GUI for creating desktop applications with .NET and Mono.
 * Eclipse XML Window Toolkit, a declarative UI framework designed for Eclipse, based on XML as markup language.
 * |Extensible Web Toolkit, a development toolkit for building high performance ASP.NET Web applications.
 * |XML Windowing Toolkit
 * |Eclipse XML Window Toolkit
 * XWT, open source software related to Vexi

= Albert Gillis von Baumhauer =

Albert Gillis von Baumhauer (Heerenveen, October October 1891 - Alder, 18 March 1939) was a Dutch aviation pioneer notable for his design of the first Dutch helicopter and the related inventions, in particular the cyclic and collective control and a single rotor design.

Early Years
In 1910 Von Baumhauer built a biplane glider along with the Six brothers. In 1913 he built a model of a helicopter with two counter-rotating rotors. The helicopter flew but it was not stable enough.

After having completed studies in Delft, Von Baumhauer studied for some time aerodynamics at Göttingen and then went to study at the Technical University of Zürich. There he met professor Theodor von Kármán and mathematician and aviation expert, professor Ludwig Prandtl.

In 1910 Baumhauer joined Spyker car factory and in 1919 he became chief engineer at Van Berkel, where he was responsible for the development of the Van Berkel W-B, a seaplane for the Dutch Naval Air Service. On May 12 of that year he married Johanna Hildegonda Oldenhuis Gratama, with whom he eventually had three children.

After closure of the aircraft division of Van Berkel in 1921, von Baumhauer joined the National Research Centre for Aviation where he was a deputy director for some time. Here he devoted himself to various fields of abiation, especially safety in the air, both in wind tunnel tests and in scientific studies.

Manned Helicopter Flight
In 1924 the British Ministry of Aviation announced a contest on the construction of a helicopter, which contained several severe requirements for that time such as flying a closed circuit with a filght speed of 100 km/h, vertical take-of and climb to up to 600 m and glide and safe landing with a stopped engine. The prize of 50.000 £ attracted many contestors, with end data of May 25 1925, which was later extended by one year. n Baumhauer went straight to work and enrolled in 1924. On 5 November 1924 he founded, together with one of the brothers Six, the First Dutch Helicopter Aviation, in order to accomplish construction and perform the flichts. The helicopter was ready inn April 1925 and the first flight was made in September 1925 by lt. F.H. van Heyst in Soesterberg. On February 10, 1926 Van Heyst managed to keep the machine several meters off the ground for 5 minutes.

After the first test flights, the helicopter was transferred to Schiphol in 1926, where B. Grass and later Peter .J. Six acted as test pilots. British contest had been canceled due to a fatal accident in England, but von Baumhauer continued the experiments until 1930. Several improvements have been made, with the flights also getting better, although they still often had a somewhat indefinite direction. On August 28, 1930 von Baumhauer himself made a half an hour flight. The next day, a hinge bolt of one of the rotor blades failed due to fatigue crack, and the helicopter fell on the ground. It helicopter was completely destroyed but von Baumhauer was unharmed. Since the money almost run out, the machine was not rebuild, but on Baumhauer's interest in helicopter development continued to until the end of his life.

Von Baumhauer's design made some major achievement which greatly influenced further development of helicopters. It used a single rotor, as opposed to two counter-rotating rotors on which most contemporary designs were based. He was one of the first to use the tail rotor to counteract the torque produced by the main rotor. The tail rotor was powered by its own engine (for easier control) and its angle of incidence could not be adjusted during flight. Another notable achievement was use of collective and cyclic pitch control. The the swashplate principle was applied. Below the rotor, two concentric rings were mounted, connected to each other with bearings. The non-rotating inner ring coulf be tilted and moved along the rotor shaft. The outer ring rotated with the rotor and adjusted blade angles via rods. This enabled to adjust blade pitch according to blade's current angle, a mechanism which is still used in modern helicopters.

Other work in Aviation
In 1937 von Baumhauer was appointed ad engineer at the Civil Aviation Administration of the Ministry of Public Works, where his tasks included testing and inspection of new aircraft types. In March 1939 he went on a study trip to the United States, where he was killed in the accident with the prototype of the four-engine Boeing Stratoliner airliner in Aider, Washington state. At the time of his death, nomination was ready for his appointment as professor at TU Delft. He also found widespread recognition abroad and was appointed as a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society, corresponding member of the Deutsche Akademie für Luftfahrtwissenschaften and representative of the Netherlands for the Daniel Guggenheim Fund (USA), responsible for aviation safety.

Material

 * A Historical Review of Two Helicopters Designed in the Netherlands, by H.J.G.C. Vodegel and K.P. Jessurun, 21th Wuropean Rotocraft Forum, 1995, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

, Vol. 83 No. 1, January 2013, 119–40.
 * The Transmission of Helicopter Technology, 1920‐1939: Exchanges with von Baumhauer, a study of early helicopter history. See title: Von Baumhauer’s cyclical blade pitch and flapping hinge. by Alex de Voogt,  int. j. for the history of eng. & tech.


 * Mention of Cyclic and Collective Controls, from: Relly Victoria Petrescu and Florian Ioon Petrescu: The Aviation History, USA, 2013, ISBN 978-3-8482-6639-5
 * ORIGINAL PATENT APPLICATION NUMBER 241,243 FOR IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLYING MACHINES PARTICULARLY HELICOPTERS. (HOLLAND). by Albert Gillis von. Baumhauer, 2924.


 * Baumhauer helicopter - YouTube
 * Helicopter demonstratie (1930) - YouTube


 * Von Baumhauer Helicopter helicopter

Technology (terminology):
 * Flapping Hinges
 * Cyclic and Forward Flight - Cycling Controls
 * Helicopter rotor - parts and function (Wikipedia)

Other
 * Cornu helicopter