User:Akanazunwa/canine distemper

POST MORTEM LESIONS
A postmortem examination revealed more serious cases of pneumonia and enteritis. Multiple, linear, occasionally confluent, clearly defined whitish streaks, including papillary muscles, are present throughout the endocardial and epicardial surfaces of the left and right ventricles. These spots were seen across the ventricular and interventricular myocardium on transverse sections of fixed tissue; prior to cardiac perfusion, a thoracotomy was performed to assess the lungs in situ. The majority of the lung lobes had enlargements, were grayish pink with red mottling, and were edematous. Bright red, irregular petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages up to 1 cm in diameter were present across all lobes, with the diaphragmatic lobes being the most conspicuous. In addition, dogs experimentally exposed to the virulent R252 canine distemper virus displayed systemic lymphoid depletion and significant, well-defined solid regions of grayish color in the lungs.

MICROSCOPIC LESIONS
In 82% of these instances, the primary lesion was distemper encephalopathy with characteristic CDV inclusion bodies, particularly in astrocytes. Epithelial cells of the urinary bladder (15%), lung (6%), stomach (3%), kidney (1%), and tonsil (0.5%) were also shown to have the eosinophilic inclusion bodies typical of canine distemper. Anemia, bronchopneumonia, septicemia, cardiac dilatation, and subdural bleeding in the spinal cord are all visible in canine distemper-affected animals under a microscope. Meningoencephalitis, lymphohistiocytic meningitis, purulent choroiditis, nonsuppurative encephalitis, or a meningioma indicate CDV. In hematological marrow cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and, infrequently, osteocytes, immunocytochemical analysis of the canine distemper virus (CDV) antigen was performed. Viral antigen was seen in the metaphysis of experimentally infected dogs between 5 and 36 days after infection. The associated lesions were minor and most noticeable between 8 and 32 days after infection. They were characterized by osteoclast necrosis, primary spongiosa persistence, atrophy, necrosis of osteoblasts, and marrow cell necrosis. The lesions were composed of numerous foci of coagulative necrosis of myofiber groups with some interstitial mononuclear cells; the sarcoplasm of swollen fibers was granular, clumped, and intensely eosinophilic with HE. These lesions were first discovered 16 days after the vaccination. With trichrome or phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin stains, these regions were highlighted more. There were some pyknotic or karyolytic muscle nuclei.