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The Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize  is awarded annually by the Faculty of Protestant Theology at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen on behalf of the Dr Leopold Lucas Foundation (stiftung). The foundation was established in 1972 by Franz D. Lucas, the consul general and later honorary senator of the University of Tübingen, on occasion of the centenary birthday of his father the learned historian and rabbi, Dr. Leopold Lucas who perished in Theresienstadt in 1943. The Dr Leopold Lucas Prize is awarded annually in two forms. The Dr Leopold Lucas Prize is the primary prize awarded by the Dean of the Faculty of Protestant Theology of the University of Tübingen. The second prize, the Dr Leopold Lucas Junior Research Prize, is awarded by the Rector of the University.

In 1974, two years after establishment of the foundation, the prize was awarded to its first recipient Schalom Ben-Chorin, a Jewish scholar of religion. Since then it has been awarded annually for scholarly oeuvre in the fields of theology, intellectual history, historical research, and philosophy, where the recipient has contributed to the progression of international understanding and tolerance between faiths. The prize money is currently EUR 50,000.