User:Al-refaei Abdullah

Social and Environment Consequences of Industrialization

Industrialization is one of the great economic revolution that shook the world up and leads to different changes later in its existence .It occurred in the late 18th century and early 19th century in some western countries ,when Europe entered a world economy and created an international exchange of goods .It began first in Briton in the middle of 1700s and then during the 1800s spreaded into other country throughout the world such as north America, Beluga, France ,and Germany .This revolution created a transformation and changes in the patter of human life as whole. It affected demographic patterns and global integration as well as emphasizing the difference between people .Moreover, its influence continues to sweep through our lives today. In this Research I will look at what changes occurred in society and environment as well as what the consequences happened. I will explain the different domination on people and their life as well as the environment that they live in and the reasons behind the striking transformation in humanitarian. The beginning of Industrialization was behind the major challenges and trends such as capital formulation, accumulation Financial Innovations, agricultural productivity ,and the great extent on the population growth of the world before the last 250 years of industrialization. Both in their turn create a demographic pressure on the social and environment as well .At the same time, both create a sense of danger and warn within people themselves because of the cheap energy and capacity along with the increase in demand for manufactured goods at that time. Thomas Malthus said that "the growth in human population might outstrip our ability to feed ourselves". Therefore, with the help of people with scientific knowledge and their skill in social and economic factors lead to many invitations that ease the way of live and make the industrialization possible .On other hand ,it had changed and transformed every aspect of daily life. This transformation occurs along with the introduction of new technology and machines such as the invention of Textile Inventions, The Iron Industry, factories, Railroad and The Free Market. Also, during this time much international changes happened at this time. "The American Revolution was occurring in the beginning part of the Industrial Revolution. The French Revolution was in the process at the turn of the 19th century. This was a great time, but resulted in newly found democratic rights that spread through Europe and North America". This human technological advancement come in the cost of social life and natural resources .It leads to environmental degradation and alters  the way people live as well as changes their way of looking at life from different sides Social Consequences Social change due to industrialization occurs parallel to development arising from the commercialization .This arising in hand leads to alter the trends of life and thought .It makes a social shift between people's statute within the society or among regions of the world according to the adaptation of the new age and the needs of people in each regime. Although ,the coming of the industrialization is just to provide more and more of the goods and the good things of life that help people to coexist with the change and development of life at that time ,it creates a striking transformation in the society that differ from pre-industrialized society .What's more ,this changes are not merely changes in the quantities but also in people themselves. It is not only a change in economic states but also in no-economic one. people start to have different values since their condition of live completely alters. During the Industrial Revolution, There was a complete shift in Conditions in City Life, social structure, and Changing family .This shift was dramatically change in the structure of the society that was not before. Before the Revolution most people lived in small villages, working in agriculture. Their working and the way of life were often as a family where everyone helped each other. Also, they did everything by hand .Moreover ,the majority of people was lived in the countryside, and farming was the predominant occupation, but with the advent of industrialization everything changed .This change can be noted in the new enclosure laws which required that all grazing grounds be fenced in at the owner's expense lead to leave many poor farmers bankrupt and unemployed, and machines capable of huge outputs made small hand weavers redundant. This required them to move to towns and cities to find new jobs. Also, in the number of people living permanently in an area other than the area in which they were born .when people moved from countryside to cities ,they completely shocked by the style of life in cities and the individuality states of people in cities .Therefore, this was not possible to attach quantities to new modes of thought or toward the family .The idea of the one family changes because people become far from their origin and they are effected by the individualism of city life .Therefore, many families' resources would be extremely .Thus, according to desperately needed money of the family, women and children were sent out to work. This came in the benefit of factory owners who were happy to employ women and children. They can force them to work more hours as well as children were more malleable. Accordingly ,Social status began to be determined more by wealth than by family position in society. Admittedly, The social impact is that industrialization led to a new way of life.it changed the way people lived and worked .since people could earn higher wages in factories than on forms ,they started to heat their homes seeking for better life .Yet Unfortunately, their movement to cities comes against their expectation .It leads to changes several values and ideas as well as change their working condition from inside to outside. Also ,the time of work increases from 6 to 16 hours as result of the increasing of the production of factory .The average worker spent 14 hours a day at the job without changing with the seasons as it does on the farm. On other hand ,it leads to class tension grow .it brought about the new social classes .It created enormous amounts of wealth in the nation. Rich man of commerce sought a high position, and he can insist on in a share of political power and can provoke crises around the world. At the same time led to the exploitation of the weaker sections of the society. In the past, landowners and aristocrats had occupied the top position in British society. With most of the wealth, they wielded the social and political power. Now some factory owners, merchants, and bankers grew wealthier than the landowners and aristocrats. Yet important social distinctions divided the two wealthy classes. Landowners looked down on those who had made their fortunes in the business world. Not until late in the 1800s were rich entrepreneurs considered the social equals of the lords of the countryside .For others people how was skillful in their work on land ,They watched their livelihoods disappear as machines replaced them." In frustration, some smashed the machines they thought were putting them out of work. Those who affected by industrialization and attacked the factories was called the Luddite". Therefore, there was a change in the condition of people either for better or for wares. In term of countries, It shifted the world palace of power. This shifting occurred because of the different states of development among countries .This in hand created economic inequalities and inequalities of wealth.in its role ,it wide the wealth gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries .This led to exploitation of others either in term of goods ,lands ,or the freedom of people. since, industrialized countries required a steady supply of raw materials from less-developed lands and to keep factories running and workers fed In turn, industrialized countries viewed poor countries as markets for their manufactured products. Britain led in exploiting its overseas colonies for resources and markets. Soon other European countries, the United States, Russia, and Japan followed Britain’s lead, seizing colonies for their eco- comic resources. Imperialism, the policy of extending one country’s rule over many other lands, gave even more power and wealth to these already wealthy nations. Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the need for resources to supply the factories of Europe, and the development of new markets around the world. industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic power. In contrast, the economies of Asia and Africa were still based on agriculture and small workshops. Thus ,Industrialization revolutionized every aspect of society, from daily life to life expectancy. Despite the hardships early urban workers suffered, population, health, and wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized countries. Environment consequences This development in human technology comes in the cost of environment .it makes a shift between human and the nature as well as leads to many harmful effects on environment and people ,too. This impact on the world’s psyche begins only  in the early 1960s, some 200 years after its beginnings .Thus ,the main environment impact of industrialization are those  caused by consumption and population growth. . After human was in contact with nature for thousand years. The needs raised along with the population growth .This needs calls people to invent and look for resources in order to feed themselves. As we life in a non-sustainable world that we are destroying and homogenizing through using its resources. The invention and the series of technological advances that led to the production of goods in its turn has altered the structure environment. Pollution first became a persistent problem during  the Industrial Revolution That increased because of the more concentrated conditions within the industrializing cities and because of the use of artificially produced power that replaced the natural power of fast-running rivers ." Many of the largest polluters come from the chemical, pesticide, oil refining, petrochemical, metal smelting, iron and steel, and food processing industries". All are major users of energy that produce large amounts of waste products and pollution. All helped to accelerate the pollution problem. Early small-scale industries resulted in local concentrations of air and water pollution and land contamination .this was so common in most areas of landan and England. The manufacturing industries of the nineteenth century mostly involved the processing of natural materials such as cotton, leather, and other natural fibers along with the mining and fabrication of metal products. As the scale of operations grew in the latter half of the nineteenth century, the amounts of pollution and land despoliation and the area over which it took place dramatically increased. The twentieth century saw the rapid development of industries based on the chemical manufacturing of such items as dyes, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. Oil replaced coal as industry's primary power and energy source. The same era witnessed drastic changes in the structure, nature, and organization of factories as they quickly converted to mass production techniques to keep up with demand because Companies were by and large concerned with the means of production rather than the effect of production on the environment. ON other hand ,water and air is also effected by industrialization. Rivers and canals were polluted with sewage and industrial waste. Cholera took many lives due to people using water from canals and rivers for cleaning and cooking. 57,000 people died in Great Britain in the cholera epidemic between 1832-1834. Acid rain, first discovered in the 1850's, also occurred as a result of emissions from coal-powered plants. Indeed, this development comes in the cost of environment but the degree of affection differ from country to country. conclusion Admittedly ,Industrialization is the great revolution in human history that leads to somehow complete change in human and environment as well as modernize the world .Although ,it comes to provide more and more of the goods and the good things of life that results for population growth and increases demands for people, It has changed many of the concepts of the people and also transfers in environment unimaginably .Also , I think it is the main reason for a lot of problems even nowadays. .    In term of society ,the series of  human technological development makes a gap between people themselves  and people with nature .people starts to have different values and ideas .Their condition of live and work completely alerted .After human used to work  for thousand and thousand years on the land using his hand, living within  his family where everyone helps each other  ,working 6 to 8 hours a day and his works depending on the condition of weather ,and caring about honor and ancestry or others good values in this live ,all these completely change with the coming of machines and factory. .  With the coming of factory, first Urbanization occurred. People went from being village dwellers to being town dwellers because to the higher wages that they can gain in factory than on farms. Thus, Towns grew rapidly with significant social consequences. Also ,the social class tension is grown ,new ways of working ,and also new way of thinking .People relation with others and also within their family is alerted. The individualism and seeking for money become so common .This change in the mode and method of production resulting in new ways of earning a living. . Globally, the affect of the industrialization was different from country to other .The world's experience of industrialization has been rather limited .Fore example ,there are differences between society of Germany, Britain, and India .Bothe look very different from each other and the effect on industrialization is not somehow the same. On other hand ,we cannot ignore the environmental aspect of industrialization .The development in technology actually comes in the cost of environment and leads to environment degradation .This degradation causes by consumption and population growth. There pollution in water and air course and lead to different diseases for people and disturb the clarity and pure of the nature and because of that many people die every day .indeed, the Industrial revolution has changed our lives for the better, but caused many problems along the way .It creates shifts in Conditions in City Life, social structure, Changing family and also has a consequences on environment References - Ms,Susan M.Pojer Horace ,(2008),The industrial Revolution. - Brennan McKinney, (Feb,2008) , Social change during industrial revolution. - John Baylis. Steve Smith. Patricia Owens, (2011) ,The globalization of world politics, published in the united states by oxford University press. - Walter C Neale,( August 11,1956), Social Effects of Industrialization. -Youtube,Bill Blakemore correspondent ,The industrial revolution (video): http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolution/IntroVideoIR.html - - Edward Miguel / Paul Gertler / David I. Levine, (January 2006), Does Industrialization Build or Destroy Social Networks?, Published by: The University of Chicago Press: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/497014. -Ilustrator,Alley(jan,,2012),Architecture Beyond the industrial revolution: http://misterriggs.com/archives/175. -World History ,Unit 19: Global Industrialization : http://www.learner.org/courses/worldhistory/unit_overview_19.html - The Industrial Revolution, 1700–1900,: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Almutaz/Documents/Enviro_courses/ENVS-561/Chapter%2025%2026.pdf