User:Al Ameer son/Qurqumas

Qurqumaz ibn Yunis ibn Fakhr al-Din Uthman Ibn Ma'n was the Druze emir of the Chouf district of southern Mount Lebanon from 1511/12 until his death in 1586. He likely succeeded his father Yunis ibn Fakhr al-Din Uthman, as a young child and was assisted in his rule by his kinsman Alam al-Din Sulayman. At the time of the Ottoman conquest, he is reported either to have been summoned and recognized in his emirate by Sultan Selim I in Damascus in 1517 or to have been arrested with Alam al-Din on Selim's orders in 1518.

Life
Qurqumaz was the son of the Ma'nid chieftain and emir of the Chouf district Mount Lebanon, Yunis ibn Fakhr al-Din Uthman. The latter is held to have died a "young man of reverence, power and dignity" and had a ceremonious burial in 1511/12 by the Druze chronicler Hamza ibn Ahmad Ibn Sibat (d. 1520). Although the 17th-century chronicler and Maronite patriarch Istifan al-Duwayhi held Qurqumaz succeeded Yunis at the age of twenty, the modern historian Kamal Salibi asserts he must have succeeded as a young child.

Ibn Sibat mentions that two Ma'nid emirs of the Chouf district of Sidon, Qurqumaz and Alam al-Din Sulayman, were arrested in 1518 along with the Tanukhid emir Sharaf al-Din Yahya and the latter's son Zayn al-Din Salih in association with a revolt against the Ottoman sultan Selim I by the Bedouin emir of the Beqaa Valley Nasir al-Din Ibn Hanash. Qurqumaz and the other arrested emirs were transferred, in succession, to Sidon, Tyre, Safed, the citadel of Damascus and finally in the personal custody of the sultan to Aleppo before they were released upon the payment of a hefty fine. Although Ibn Sibat mentions that the Tanukhid Sharaf al-Din Yahya had twice paid homage to Selim I in Damascus soon after the Ottoman conquest of the Levant, in 1516 and 1517, he does not mention that Qurqumaz or any other Ma'nid emir similarly met Selim. In contrast, Duwayhi wrote that the Tanukhids sided with the Mamluks and it was Qurqumaz who had been pardoned and summoned by Selim in Damascus, who in turn confirmed Qurqumaz as the district governor of the Chouf. Salibi attributes the discrepancy to Duwayhi's bias toward his associates, the Ma'ns, and the extinction of the Tanukhids' demise long before Duwayhi wrote his work.

Due to his young age at succession and the mention of another Ma'nid emir of the Chouf, Alam al-Din Sulayman, by Ibn Sibat, Salibi determined that Qurqumaz was assisted in his rule by Alam al-Din, who may have been an uncle or older cousin.