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Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro
Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro (1775-1783) was the last king of Kalhora Dynasty of Sindh. Mian Abdul Nabi succeeded his nephew Mian Sarfaraz Khan Kalhoro who was murdered by Talpurs in 1775. Initially Mian Abdul Nabi was a puppet in the hand of Mir Bijar Khan Talpur, a son of Mir Bahram Khan Talpur, who was murdered by Mian Sarfaraz Khan Kalhoro. Later, he tried to get rid of Talpurs which resulted in a civil war in which he lost the Battle of Halani. He asked help from Raja of Jodhpur Maharaja Vijay Singh but Feteh Ali Khan Talpur pushed the Rajputs back. These defeats led to the downfall and dissolution of Kalhora Dynasty. He later fled to Derajat and asked help from the Afghan Emperor Timur Shah Durrani (1772-1793). In 1789, after the death of Jaskani Nawab of Mankera, Nawab Muhammad Khan Jaskani, Mian Abdul Nabi seized Mankera from the Jaskanis. Mankera was the tributary state of Durrani Empire. The Afghan emperor Timur Shah Durrani appointed Mian Abdul Nabi as Nawab of Mankera from 1789 to 1793 as a Durrani vassal but still he was uneasy with the existence of a powerful ruler close to his empire. After the death of Timur Shah Durrani, Mian Abdul Nabi failed to send the tribute or Nazrana to the Durrani court so, his successor Zaman Shah Durrani sent an army under the command of Nawab Muhammad Khan Sadozai also known by his title Sarbuland Khan I (1793-1810). Sarbuland Khan arrived in Mankera and after several skirmishes forced Mian Abdul Nabi to flee from Mankera. Mian Abdul Nabi arrived in Layyah where he start recruiting an army from his followers among the Baloch tribes living in the area. Afterwards, Mian Abdul Nabi marched against Afghans for a final encounter along with his sons, Mian Arif Muhammad (commonly known by local people as Shaheed Muhammad Arif) and Mian Taj Muhammad but he was defeated by Sarbuland Khan Sadozai and his son Mian Arif Muhammad was killed in this battle by a bullet fire. He was buried in Layyah by his father where a mausoleum was built. After the defeat, Mian Abdul Nabi fled to Dera Ghazi Khan where he retired and committed himself to literary activities. He also continue his Sufi practice and a large number of people soon becomes his followers (Mureed). He died sometime in the early 19th century and was buried in Hajipur, near Jampur, South Punjab.

Capture of Shirvan
The attack on Shirvan was an invasion by the Crimean Tatars on Safavid Shirvan that took place in 1579. The conflict resulted due to the killing of the Tatar Prince Adil Giray Khan during the assassination of Khair al- Nisa Begum (wife of Shah Muhammad Khudabanda) and was the part of wider conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire (Ottoman Safavid War 1578-1590). The Tatars entered Shervan that year and took the region out of the control of the Iranian rulers of Shirvan. Mirza Salman Jaberi, the Vizier of Shah Mohammad Khodabanda, went from Azerbaijan to Shirvan to repel the Tatar attack, but could do nothing due to the unwillingness and division among the Qizilbash.

Background
In 1578, the Ottoman Safavid War 1578-1590 has started with the Ottoman attack on Safavid Georgia. By the mid-autumn of 1578, the Ottoman army occupied Tbilisi and captured Shirvan. Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha was appointed Beylerbey of Shirvan with the ranks of Vizier and the title of Sardar. After the return of the main Ottoman Army, the Persians started their counterattack and defeated the Tatar army under the command of Adil Giray, brother of Crimean Khan Mehmed II Giray which was sent by the Ottomans as reinforcement at the Battle of Mollahasanli in which the Adil Giray was captured and sent to Qazvin, the Safavid capital.