User:Alan012/welsh/Creuddyn


 * Am y cwmwd o'r un enw yng Ngheredigion, gweler Creuddyn (Ceredigion). Gweler hefyd Creuddyn (gwahaniaethu).

250px|bawd|Dominyddir y Creuddyn gan Ben y Gogarth

Creuddyn is a mediaeval cwmwd and ?bro? on the north coast of Wales. With Uwch Dulas and Is Dulas it was one of three cymydau of Rhos ?cantref?. In the Late Middle Ages Creuddyn was an important political centre and home to the court of Maelgwn Gwynedd. The name remains in the local Welsh language medium school, Ysgol y Creuddyn. Today the ?bro? contains the town of Llandudno, Deganwy and Penrhyn Bay.

Geography
Creuddyn ?gorwedd? on a wide ?gorynynys? of land between Conwy Bay and the river Conwy to the west, and the Canol (?Central?) river valley (near Mochdre) and north-east coast to the south and the east. Except in the south, where it borders onto Uwch Dulas, it is ?yn cyfangwbl? surrounded by the sea. In its north-western end is a headland calchfaen Pen y Gogarth and in the north-east is headland Rhiwledyn. Between the two headlands is ?gwastad? land where Llandudno ?saif? today. On the bank of river Conwy is Degannwy Castle, site of a hillfort and mediaeval castle.

History and traditions
250px|bawd|Safle [[Castell Degannwy]]

In addition to Maelgwn's court in (Llanrhos) church, and Degannwy castle, there are several historical sites in Creuddyn. On top of the Gogarth (at the northern end??) is a prehistoric copper mine, which was amongst the most important in north-western Europe.

On the Gogarth are also a number of ?olion yr hen oesoedd, fel cromlech Llety'r Filiast?. It was an important centre in the early history of Christianity in Wales in addition, with Tudno Church on the Gogarth, Rhos Church in the centre between Degannwy and Rhiwledyn, and Llangystennin church to the south.

The land is connected with the second part of the History of Taliesin, the legend which ?adrodd? the legendary history of Taliesin and its ?noddwr? Elffin ap Gwyddno. Elffin was imprisoned in Degannwy Castle, according to the legend, and was freed after Taliesen ?trechu? Maelgwn's court poet (cy:bardd llys) in famous cy:ymryson barddol. Another place in Creuddyn connected with the legend is Morfa Rhianedd (Pen Morfa today), at the foot of the Gogarth; daeth rhyw anghenfil ofnadwy, sy'n cynrhychioli'r Pla Melyn, oddi yno i ddwyn dinistr ar y brenin a guddiasai yn Eglwys Rhos.

Daeth rhai o'r "trefi" canoloesol yn ganolfannau pwysig yn yr Oesoedd Canol Diweddar, yn eu plith Bodysgallen a Gloddaeth. Roedd rhan o Ben y Gogarth yn perthyn i esgobaeth Bangor ac yno y codwyd "Abaty"'r Gogarth, ond math o blasdy eglwysig oedd yn hytrach nag abaty.

Roedd y cwmwd yn rhan o deyrnas Gwynedd yn y Berfeddwlad neu Wynedd Is Conwy. Chwareai rhan bwysig yn hanes y cyfnod yn y brwydro rhwng tywysogion Gwynedd a'r Normaniaid a'r Saeson. Pan luniwyd Sir Gaernarfon yn 1284 daeth yn rhan o'r sir newydd, dros yr afon o weddill y sir. Heddiw, ar ôl cyfnod fel rhan o'r hen Wynedd, mae'n gorwedd ym mwrdeistref sirol Conwy ac wedi datblygu'n ardal breswyl a gwyliau glan môr.

Trefi canoloesol

 * Cyngreawdr (yr hen enw ar Ben y Gogarth
 * Gogarth
 * Yr Wyddfid (y rhan o dref bresennol Llandudno sydd wrth droed y Gogarth)
 * Penlasog, ger Degannwy
 * Rhiwledyn
 * Penrhyn
 * Bodafon (safle plasty)
 * Bodysgallen (safle plasty)
 * Gloddaeth (safle plasty)
 * Llanwyddan
 * Trefwarth (ger Cyffordd Llandudno)

Plwyfi

 * Llandudno
 * Eglwys Rhos
 * Llangystennin

Ffynonellau a darllen pellach

 * Atlas of Caernarvonshire (Caernarfon, 1977)
 * E. D. Rowlands, Dyffryn Conwy a'r Creuddyn (Gwasg y Brython, Lerpwl, 1947)